第二节 技巧指南
为了帮助考生进一步明确所要考查的目标，对听力内容充分分析、概括、总结，并做出正确的推理、判断，最后得出答案，下面分别讲解四种类型考题的特点及解题技巧。
短对话
1.试题特点
（1）注重考查逻辑思维
在全国大学生英语竞赛听力对话部分中，能够从对话原文中直接找到答案的题目所占比重较小，而那些要求参赛学生对对话内容进行深刻的逻辑思维，从而判断出对话人的意图、态度或意见要求的题所占比重较大。
（2）对话内容涉及面广
无论是长对话还是短对话，话题基本以衣、食、住、行等日常生活为主。
（3）对话的方式多为一问一答
在短对话听力测试中，对话的方式多为问答式，首先由第一个人提出一个问题，再由第二个人予以回答。或者由第一个人陈述一个观点，第二个人表示附和或反对。问答的回合数一般不会超过三个。
2.解题攻略
短对话作为听力理解部分中较为简单的一类题型，有其特定的解题技巧。
（1）提前快速浏览题目及选项，把握听音重点
考生应充分利用试卷发下到Directions播完的这段时间，迅速浏览试卷上这部分所给的选项，这样在听的时候就能有的放矢地捕捉关键信息，弄清对话环境和意图，最后排除各干扰项，做出正确选择。
例1 2014年A类决赛
How has the company been affected by the change?
A.Lots of its factories have stopped running.
B.Many workers have been forced to retire early.
C.It is going to close down soon.
D.Very few workers will be forced to resign.
【听音重点】
题干问公司由于变化受到了什么影响，根据选项中出现的关键词factories，workers，close down，可以猜出公司由于变化出现了危机，要么是在工厂运行方面的，要么是在员工方面的，并且注意B、D选项均是根据workers设置的选项，注意二者的区分。听录音时应重点注意关于factories，company和workers的描述。
【录音原文】
W：How has the takeover affected the company?
M：A plant in Manila and another in Dubai will be closed down.About300people are going to lose their jobs.But most of them will be offered jobs in other plants and quite afew want to take early retirement.
W：So there are no compulsory redundancies?
M：Very few.
例2 2012年A类初赛
Why is the woman in agood mood?
A.The copier worked and she got the copies.
B.She kicked the copier and now feels better.
C.She had the copier fixed in time.
【听音重点】
由题干中的woman以及选项中的copier，可知女士心情好是和copier有关，因此在听音时要注意女士是如何表述和copier相关的内容的。
【录音原文】
W：This stupid thing keeps getting jammed.I can't get it to make any copies.
M：So it makes sense you're in such agood humor.
W：I gave it agood kick and feel better.
（2）注意捕捉说话人的弦外之音
对话部分有很多问题都不是针对讲话人的字面意思发问的，考生必须体会到讲话人的言外之意，才能推断出正确选项。
例1 2007年A类初赛
A.Excited.
B.Annoyed.
C.Worried.
【录音原文】
A：Look，it's already8o'clock，and Tom said he'd be here by7.
B：Yes，but you know what the traffic is like at this time of the day.
A：He said he'd make aspecial effort not to be late.Why does he always do this?
B：Take it easy.There's probably areasonable explanation.
A：You mean he'll give us one of his typical excuses?Well，I've had enough of it already.
Q：How does the woman feel about Tom's being late?
【解析】根据录音中的关键词“always”及“had enough of”，可推测出女士对于Tom迟到这件事很生气。
（3）熟练掌握有关日常生活等方面的词语、习语、句型等
熟悉日常生活中常用的词汇、短语、习语、句型，能使考生听到相关对话时迅速做出反应，提高答题效率和正确率。
例 2012年A类决赛
How often does the man play cricket?
A.Seldom.B.Frequently.C.Never.
【录音原文】
M：I got abackache from playing cricket.
W：I didn't know you played cricket.
M：Well，once in ablue moon.
【解析】在回答这个问题时，男士说到once in ablue moon（极为罕见，千载难逢），可知他很少玩板球。如果知道这个习语，就不难选出正确答案。
3.题型分析
听力短对话试题类型多样，这里主要介绍常涉及的七种题型及针对各题型的答题技巧。
（1）地点与方向（Location and Direction）
地点与方向类试题在对话中经常出现。这类题目根据对话内容，就有关地点提问，要求考生从给出的选项中选出正确答案。这些地点包括对话进行的地点、对话涉及的事件的地点、涉及的人物的地点或人物来自哪里及要去的地点。
考题类型
①直接型。地点在对话中会直接出现，但提到的地点通常不止一个，考生需要对其进行辨认、选择。A类比赛中直接型出题比较少。
例 2008年A类样题
A.At abank.B.At adepartment store.C.At alawyer's office.
【录音原文】
W：I just stopped by at your office in the bank.They told me that you had quit.Where are you working now?
M：I am working for alawyer now.The pay is better and the work is much more interesting.
Q：Where did the man work before?
【解析】从第一句I just stopped by at your office in the bank可知男士曾在银行工作过。
②间接型。没有直接提到地点或方向，要求考生根据对话的主题和内容进行推理判断。A类比赛的出题多为间接型。
例1 2013年A类初赛
Where does the dialogue probably take place?
A.On atrain.B.In arestaurant.C.In agym.
【录音原文】
M：Can Ihelp you?
W：Oh，thank you.Would you mind putting my case on the rack?
M：Not at all.There you are.
【解析】录音中女士问男士“能帮你什么忙吗？”，男士回答说“Would you mind putting my case on the rack?”(你介意帮我把箱子放在行李架上吗？)，由此可推测出这个对话发生在火车上。
例2 2013年A类决赛
Where does this conversation probably take place?
A.In aswimming pool.
B.In abank.
C.On aplane.
【录音原文】
M：This is your passbook.The interest rate will automatically adjust depending on how much you have in the account.
W：Oh，that's good.There's something else.I'd like to apply for amortgage，please.
M：Certainly，I'll make you an appointment with our mortgage adviser.
【解析】根据录音中的关键词和短语passbook(存折)、interest rate(利率)、account(账户)和apply for amortgage(申请住房贷款)等，可推测对话的发生地点为银行，故答案选B。
答题技巧
对于直接型考题，考生应先看题目，确定题目所问的对象是男士还是女士，然后再针对对话中的地点进行辨认、选择。
对于间接型考题，考生则应特别注意对话的主题，如在学校时，话题常围绕学习。这类考题所涉及的场所通常有：学校、邮局、图书馆、商店、医院、餐馆、机场、车站、银行等。考生要注意与这些特定场所有关的词语。
常考场景相关词汇
（2）时间与数字（Time and Numeral）
时间与数字类的题目包括直接型和隐含型。
考题类型
①直接型。该类考题不需要计算，答案直接出现在对话的多个数字中，要求考生根据题目从所给选项中直接辨认出答案。主要考查考生对数字的辨认及记忆能力。A类竞赛中直接型的题目比较少。
例 2007年A类初赛
A.￡78.
B.￡39.
C.￡36.
【录音原文】
A：Good morning.Do you have any tickets left for this evening's performance?
B：Let me just have alook.Well，there're afew seats left in the front stalls.How many tickets do you want?
A：Just two.
B：Yes，I can give you two in the third row.They are39pounds each.
A：39pounds!I see.All right，I'll take them.
B：That's78pounds altogether.You can come to pick them up by6：30.
Q：What's the total cost of the tickets?
【解析】录音中提到要买2张票，而每张票39pounds，总共78pounds。
②隐含型。选项中的时间或数字不会直接出现在对话里，有时需进行简单的计算。
例 2013年A类初赛
How much did Google approximately earn in the same period last year?
A.$2bn.
B.$2.2bn.
C.$2.5bn.
【录音原文】
Google had intended to release its earnings report after the close of trading，but the report was put out early by mistake.It showed that Google's earnings fell by around20%in the third-quarter when compared to the same period ayear ago，to just over$2bn.Google's share price immediately began to fall until trading was halted.Analysts said that the cost related to the acquisition of Motorola and the strong dollar had contributed to the fall in earnings.
【解析】这则新闻是讲Google因为差错提前发布了它的收益报告表。其中显示Google第三个季度的收益下降到刚过20亿美元，与去年同期相比下降了20%左右，由此可知去年同期Google的收益为超过$2bn×（1+20%）=$2.4bn，即接近$2.5bn。
答题技巧
对于直接型考题，考生需要根据题目和对话内容在给出的选项数字中进行选择，因此考生可以在听力开始前利用短暂的间隙浏览题目，查看题目所提问的对象，之后在听对话内容时将该对象所对应的数字记录下来。
对于隐含型考题，该类考题的答案有时需要进行简单的计算，如将数字进行加减等。这要求考生在听对话时将对话中出现的所有数字和其对应的对象记下来，以便根据题目中要求回答的对象进行计算。
①对于时间题，要注意以下几点：
a.时间、日期和年代的读法
“-teen”和“-ty”是众多考生容易混淆的，应该注意区分。主要区别为：第一，重音不同。前者重音在词末，而后者重音在词首。第二，是否有鼻音。结尾发音有鼻音/n/的单词为“-teen”。如：fourteen和forty，thirteen和thirty等。
b.时间
5：12five twelve/twelve past five
7：15seven fifteen/a quarter past seven(after seven)
8：45eight forty-five/a quarter to nine
11：50eleven fifty/ten to twelve
2：00pm/14：00two pm/fourteen hundred hours
12：00twelve/noon/midday
24：00midnight
c.日期与年代
3月15日March15th/the15th of March
每隔一天（每两天）every other day/every two days
几天前the other day/a few days ago
两星期fortnight/period of two weeks
20世纪the twentieth century
19世纪40年代in the eighteen forties
公元前450年（450BC）four hundred and fifty BC/four fifty BC
②对于数字题，要注意以下表达方式（相同意义的不同表达）：
a.多位数的表达
10ten/a decade
12twelve/a dozen
1960nineteen sixty
1900nineteen hundred
b.分数与小数
分数：分子用基数表示，分母用序数表示
1/2(0.5)one half(zero point five)
1/4(0.25)one fourth/a quarter(zero point twenty five)
c.号码、货币
电话号码按位数逐个读出来：87316789
房间号码、邮政编码、街道等：180one-eighty/one-eight-zero
注意数量单位与单位基数的不同。如：a penny=one cent，a nickel=five cents，a quarter=twenty-five cents，a half dollar=fifty cents。
③注意数字换算。
掌握听力课堂中所列的与数字相关的表达方式。由于每个对话间隔的时间短，既要回忆对话内容，又要阅读选择项，还要进行计算，因此熟练掌握换算进率是十分必要的。
星期、日期、时、分的换算进率分别为7、30/31、24、60等。
A quarter指时间是15分钟，指月份是一季度（三个月），指百分比为25%。
（3）身份与关系（Identity and Relationship）
对话中身份与关系类题是指根据对话内容就与对话有关人物的职业、身份或人物之间的关系提问，要求参赛学生从所给选项中选出一个正确答案的题型。
该类考题包括考查职业身份和考查二者关系两种，其提问角度主要有以下四种：
1）就对话人某一方的职业身份提问。
What is the woman's job?
2）就对话人之间的关系提问。
What's the relationship between the man and the woman?
3）就对话中涉及的第三者的职业、身份提问。
What do you think is Mary's profession?
4）就对话中涉及的第三者与第四者之间的关系提问。
What is the relationship between Tom and Jerry?
考题类型
①考查职业身份
这类题涉及的职业主要有教师、学生、图书管理员、医生/牙医、营业员、服务员、修理工、家庭主妇等。
例1 2014年A类样题
What does Peter do?
A.A student.
B.A teacher.
C.A headmaster.
D.An assistant.
【录音原文】
W：Peter，I've got your letter here requesting leave.
M：Yes，I'm still owed two and ahalf days and I've got an exam next week Imust prepare for.
W：You can't just take leave whenever you want it.You know we're very busy next week and we'll need you to teach.
【解析】题目问的是：Peter是做什么的？录音中听到女士在看到男士的假条后说“You can't just take leave whenever you want it.You know we're very busy next week and we'll need you to teach.”，由teach一词可推出Peter应该是老师。
②考查二者之间关系
这类题涉及的二者关系主要有：教师与学生、医生与病人、丈夫与妻子、借书者与馆员、旅客与服务员、老板与雇员、修理工与顾客等。
例 2008年A类样题
A.Policeman and driver.
B.Teacher and pupil.
C.Driver and actress.
【录音原文】
M：Why didn't you stop when we first signaled?
W：I'm sorry.Will Ihave to pay afine?
Q：What's the probable relationship between the man and woman?
【解析】从stop，first signaled以及pay afine等关键词，可知两人是警察与司机的关系。
答题技巧
①如选项为关于职业、身份及关系方面的词汇，可断定该题属于身份与关系类对话。
②对话中一般不会直接提及人物的身份与关系，需要通过对话中的预期及关键词来进行判断。因此，考生应该掌握与特定语言环境及表示人物身份职业相关的词汇，并在做题时注意捕捉与人物职业身份相关的关键词。
③应该注意对话人的语气。不同关系的人物对话，其语气特征会比较明显。如夫妻、恋人之间常用比较亲昵的语气；同学、朋友之间常用比较随意的语气；而下属对老板则常用比较恭敬的语气。注意体会说话者的口气、语调及所用的称呼，这将有助于判断对话者之间的关系。如：
Dr.是学生对老师或病人对医生的称呼；
Mr.，Mrs.反映下级对上级或学生对老师的称呼；
Prof.用于对教授的称呼；
Darling用于夫妻之间。
常考身份与关系相关词汇
（4）态度与建议（Attitude and Suggestion）
考生需根据对话内容的关键词、上下文甚至语气、语调的内涵意义并利用逻辑思维能力进行判断，找出对话中人物对某事件或某人的观点态度。
常见的提问方式：
How does the man/woman feel about?
What does the man/woman think of...?
What does the man/woman mean?
What does the man/woman say about...?
例1 2012年A类决赛
What does the man think of David?
A.He thinks David is the best candidate.
B.He doesn't think David has astrong personality.
C.He doesn't think David is ideal for the project.
【录音原文】
M：David is of asimilar age to the other contestants.He's an unemployed musician,he likes discussions and he's got something different to offer.
W：So do you think he'll fit in the project?
M：Well,I doubt whether we want people with too strong personalities.
【解析】在回答David是否适合这项任务时，男士提到I doubt whether we want people with too strong personalities可知，他认为David个性太强，所以并不是合适的人选。故选C。
例2 2007年A类初赛
A.It will be fine.
B.It will be too long.
C.It will be boring.
【录音原文】
A：I must admit that I'm not really looking forward to it.
B：No?
A：Well,I've been to their parties before,and Idon't suppose this one will be any better.All the same people are going on and on about their jobs.
B：Aha.
A：They all think they are so important.Honestly,I just can't be bothered with them.I never know what to say.Still I've been invited,so Isuppose I'd better go.
B：Eh.
Q：What does the man think the party will be like?
【解析】由第一句话可知他并不期待这次聚会，因为聚会上的人对他们的工作谈论不休，并自以为是，男士在这样的聚会上无话可说，所以他认为这次聚会将很无聊。
答题技巧
①答案通常与后者的话有关，选项中有关第一说话人的话通常不是正确答案。
第一人态度为肯定时，第二人的回答有：
支持：yes,sure,of course,that's agood idea,out of question...
反对：no,not really,not likely,not at all,no way,out of the question...
第一人态度为否定时，第二人的回答有：
支持：no,of course not,you don't
反对：yes,of course,you do
②看清问题，找准听音重点。
观点态度类试题主要是判断对话中说话人对所谈及的事或人所持的观点及态度。考生做这类试题时要注意理解对话中的大意，并且还要注意问题中考查的是男士还是女士的观点，以免判断错误。
③这里要注意几种关于态度的表达方式：
a.双重否定表肯定
not impossible,can't agree...any more,not unusual等。
b.部分否定
not all...（或：all...not）,not every（或：every...not）,not always等。
c.虚拟语气表假设，非真实情况
If it weren't for...，It hadn't been for...，but for，supposing等。
④熟练掌握表示建议的常用句式：
Why not...?
Why don't you/we...?
How about...?
You'd better...
You may/might as well...
If Iwere you,I would...
I'd rather you...
（5）行为与计划（Action and Plan）
行为与计划类题目的选项常以to+V（或不带to的不定式）短语形式、V-ing短语形式或V-ed短语形式出现。对话中常会出现一个或几个动作，要求考生根据对话的内容，迅速记忆提及的动作及相关信息、动作发生的前后顺序以及动作与动作发出者的对应关系等。
该类试题要求考生对对话的主题及题目中说话人的行为进行判断，主要的提问方式有：
What does the man want to do?
What is the man planning to do?
What is the man going to do?
What are the two speakers talking about?
1）考查过去的行为
例 2012年A类初赛
What did the woman do last night?
A.Watched TV.
B.Went to the circus.
C.Practiced juggling.
【录音原文】
M：Did you have fun last night?
W：To be frank,I've seen better things on television.I didn't like seeing large animals performing tricks,and the jugglers weren't as skillful as Ithought they'd be.
M：Sounds like awaste of money,then.
【解析】女士说不喜欢看large animals杂耍和jugglers变戏法，反而还不如电视节目精彩，而男士也认为她的做法浪费了金钱。所以她昨晚去了马戏团看表演。
2）考查将来的行为
例 2011年A类初赛
What will the woman do next?
A.Visit the pet motel.
B.Write areview.
C.Look for some information.
【录音原文】
W：What should we do about the animals while we're on vacation?
M：I was thinking of asking our neighbor,Bob,to take them in.But,we've got three cats and adog.It's really alot to ask.
W：Yeah,it is.You know,there's apet motel on Woodland Avenue.I'll go online and look for reviews about the place.
【解析】女士说I'll go online and look for reviews，可知她要去找和pet motel有关的信息，因此选C。
3）考查现在的行为
例 2009年A类初赛
What is the patient suffering from?
A.A throat infection.
B.A skin infection.
C.A serious cut.
【录音原文】
M：If you'll just have aseat,Ms.Thomas,I'll look into your mouth.Open wide!Em,still abit red and swollen.Have you been taking the tablets Iprescribed and cut down on the cigarettes?
W：Yes,doctor.It's actually not half as sore as it was.
M：Em,yes.Your voice sounds better as well.Just take the tablets for afew more days and we'll have another look then.
【解析】医生检查时让病人张开口，医生还提到病人的声音听起来好多了，可推断病人得的是喉咙感染。
答题技巧
听对话时要对与动作有关的内容特别注意，抓住表示时间顺序的词语，如since,before,after,then等，还要特别注意对话中所使用的时态和重复出现的词，这些往往是答题的关键。
（6）因果（Cause and Effect）
此类题型较难，因为原因的阐述通常会出现在第一句，容易被忽视，且该类题信号词较少，需听完完整对话后才能明白其内容重点。
常见的提问方式：
Why can't sb.do sth.?
Why is sb....?
Why does sb....?
例1 2009年A类初赛
Why is the man late?
A.The trains were delayed.
B.He couldn't find abus stop.
C.Something went wrong with his friend's motorbike.
【录音原文】
M：Sorry,I'm late.Did you hear about the trains?
W：Yes,I heard they were running late.
M：Well,I realized Imight be late,so Itried to find abus and on my way Ibumped into Jerry.He offered me alift on his motorbike.But unfortunately,it was exhausted by flameout,so in the end,I had to walk.
【解析】对话中提到男士已知道火车会晚点，为避免迟到已作出安排。男士迟到的原因是在搭乘朋友便车的时候，朋友的车总是flameout（熄火），只能步行上班。所以，正确答案应为C项。
例2 2013年A类初赛
Why did the man get divorced according to the woman?
A.He was bad-tempered all the time.
B.He didn't help take care of the baby.
C.He spent too much time in the pub.
【录音原文】
M：It was all my fault.I wish Ihadn't been so thoughtless.I used to come back late from work,after stopping off at the pub on the way home,and didn't lift afinger to help when Idid get home.I should've helped more with the baby and things like that.
W：Well yes,the main thing if you ask me is that you shouldn't have taken on that new job in London when she'd just had ababy.
M：Now I'm adivorced idiot.
【解析】录音中男士向女士讲述了自己犯的一些错误导致了离婚，而女士认为主要原因是“在她刚生孩子的时候，你本不应该接受那份新工作”。由此可知女士认为他没有照顾孩子是离婚的原因，即B项。
例3 2014年A类初赛
Why did the man move?
A.He needed alarger building.
B.He wanted an environmental-friendly place for business.
C.He wanted to live downtown.
D.He needed convenient transportation.
【录音原文】
W：Have you always been on this site?
M：No,we used to be on an industrial estate on the outskirts of York.
W：Why did you move?
M：We needed larger premises so we moved to this greenfield site last year.
【解析】对话中女士问及男士搬家的原因，根据其回答“We needed larger premises so we moved to this greenfield site last year”，可知男士想要更大的经营场所，所以进行了搬迁。premises房屋；经营场所。
答题技巧
①注意听清第二个人的讲话内容，尤其是当第二个对话人使用I'd like to...,but...句式时，but之后就是具体原因。
②熟悉一些表示因果关系的词和短语,在听录音时要特别注意以下词或短语之后的内容：
words：because,as,for,since,in that,hence,therefore,consequently,cause,reason
expressions：due to,owing to,because of,thanks to,on account for,as aresult,result from,result in,lead to,give rise to,contribute to,attribute to,now that,so that,so...that,such...that,in order to,be responsible for
（7）气候与天气
谈论天气的人一般是朋友或家庭成员，内容涉及气候、温度、环境及天气对人们生活和出行的影响。
解答该类题型要注意关于气候与天气的相关词汇及短语：
climate,forecast,get worse,sunny,bright,warm（up）,cloudy,overcast,gloomy,windy,foggy,rain,snow,snow storm,etc.
冷暖：temperature,hot,cold,such asevere winter,etc.
（8）主题（Subject）
该类题目要求考生根据对话中的内容判断他们讨论的主题是什么。
常见提问方式为：
What are they/the two speakers talking about?
What do we learn from the conversation?
例1 2014年A类决赛
What do we learn from the conversation?
A.Landfill is now the main approach to waste disposal.
B.The man's factory has begun to burn its waste.
C.Burning waste will do more harm to the environment.
D.The government is going to stop the use of landfill.
【录音原文】
W：How do you dispose of the waste in your factory?
M：We have to send it to landfill.It's very expensive because the government recently introduced alandfill tax so we're planning to build anew incineration plant next year to burn our waste.
W：But doesn't burning waste produce carbon monoxide?
M：Yes,it does.But we believe it's less harmful to the environment than landfill.
【解析】当被问及如何处理工厂垃圾时，男士指出“We have to send it to landfill”，并提到最近政府引入了垃圾掩埋税，进行垃圾填埋很昂贵，因此他们考虑在下一年建造焚烧车间。对于女士关于焚烧垃圾产生二氧化碳的质疑，男士回答说“But we believe it's less harmful to the environment than landfill”，可见只有A项符合录音内容。
例2 2012年A类初赛
What are the speakers talking about?
A.A photo.
B.Colors.
C.A painting.
【录音原文】
M：What do you think of this one?
W：To be honest,it's not really my taste.I'm not really into this style of portrait.And it sort of looks like aphoto to me.
M：I like the colors,and the expression on her face is kind of intense.
【解析】从女士的评价I'm not really into this style of portrait,photo以及男士的colors可知对话是在讨论一幅画。
答题技巧
主题型试题主要考查考生对短对话的主要内容的把握能力。考生需要抓住关键字或主题句，根据所获得的关键信息，来分析概括主题。
注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。由于是考查谈话主题，因此双方的话语中应都含有与主题相关的线索词。
长对话
1.试题特点
（1）取材广泛
长对话的题材涉及十分广泛，如选课、考试、借书、打工、社团活动等大学校园内发生的与学习、生活及娱乐有关的内容，人物关系主要以学生之间或师生之间为主；或是租房、求职、商务、旅行或访谈等校园以外的内容，人物关系相对多样。同一次考试之中的两组对话一般会选用不同题材。
（2）命题点多且分散
长对话与短对话有类似之处。短对话中考查的习语与词汇、场景与人物、时间与数字、原因与结果、虚拟与转折等内容同样会在长对话中出现。长对话与短对话相比，信息量增大很多，短对话只针对一处信息点命题，而长对话命题点多且分散。
（3）命题顺序一般与原文一致
长对话一般是按照与原文相符的先后顺序进行命题的。这条命题原则对于考生来讲很重要，因为在听的过程中如能按顺序把某些选项中的关键词适当地“对号入座”，必要时再做一些笔记，就会增加对原文的理解程度，从而提高该部分的成绩。
2.解题攻略
（1）听到什么选什么原则
长对话部分一般只要听见了某个词语，并且在选项里面也出现了该词语，那么这个选项就极有可能是正确选项。这个原则对考查细节的题目比较实用。对于听不懂或者没有听清楚的词句，可以采用此技巧。
（2）中心内容原则
考生在听对话的时候，要把精力集中在说话人想要通过他的话传达什么样的信息或者阐明什么样的观点上，而不是去想什么词没有听见，什么句子没有听懂。永远去关注说话人想说明的主要观点。
抓住这一点，不仅可以应对主旨类试题，还可以应对某些其他类型的试题，因为与短对话相比，长对话涉及的是一个“面”，必然有一个中心议题，中心议题就是该“面”的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开对话的。因此对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的主题。
（3）问答原则
长对话中经常出现的问答的形式（即两个人对话时，其中一个人提问，另一个人对所提问的问题进行回答）是题眼。通常，对话中的提问往往成为问题的改写，回答的部分就是需要选的答案，因此考生要留心对话中的问句，学会在一问一答中把握考点。
（4）原因原则
原因在对话中常常会成为考试的焦点。因此，当对话中出现一些表示原因的标志词，如because,for,since,now that,so,consequently,therefore等时，考生要格外注意。
（5）but原则
这个原则非常简单，就是只要出现but，或者其他的转折连词，如however,although等，后面的内容往往就是考点。
（6）解释原则
有时候对话中会出现一些生僻的词或概念，如果这样的词或概念对理解整个对话没有影响，说话人是不会解释的，所以这个时候不需要对它多加注意，但是一旦说话人解释了，就说明它很可能对理解对话内容起到非常重要的作用，这时候，解释的内容就一定要仔细听，这极有可能就是题眼。
（7）建议原则
一般来讲，在对话中只要出现建议，建议就会是考点。实际上，这一原则不仅在长对话中适用，在短对话中往往也是如此，所以只要是建议就要把它记住，而且考生在复习时要尽可能地熟悉各种各样的建议方式。
3.题型分析
长对话部分的常考题型可分为以下三类：
（1）细节识别题（听懂重要的或特定的细节）
长对话中细节题所占的比重最高，一篇长对话中通常会出现4个以上的细节题，有时甚至全为细节题。细节题涉及对话中一些具体的信息，比如人物的身份、年龄、姓名、电话、事情发生的地点、原因等。可能的提问方式如下：
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
When will the show begin?
How much is achild's ticket?
How long does it take the man to...?
What gifts can children get from the library this year?
例1 2011年A类初赛
What time is Mike's wife's appointment?
A.At2：00pm.
B.At2：30pm.
C.At3：30pm.
【录音原文】
Mike：This is Mike speaking.I'd like to make an appointment for my wife.She wants to come in at the end of the week.
Receptionist：How about this Friday morning?That's Friday the21st.
Mike：Mmm,I don't think she can make the morning.Any openings in the afternoon?
Receptionist：Yes.Appointments are available at2：00,2：30and3：30.
Mike：We'll take the first one,please.
【解析】前台接待员说“Appointments are available at2：00,2：30and3：30”，之后男士选了第一个，故选A。
例2 2014年A类初赛
What is the earliest record of alcohol about?
A.It is just meaningless graffiti randomly drawn.
B.It is about how the earliest alcohol was produced.
C.It is the complaint about people adding water to the beer.
D.It is about how ancient people drank alcohol.
【录音原文】
W：Has alcohol always been apart of people's lives?
M：Alcohol has been with us for thousands of years and must be nearly as old as civilization itself.The earliest piece of graffiti ever found,on awall in ancient Sumeria,complained that the beer was being watered down.In most societies,it is an integral part of celebrations and social gatherings.
【解析】题干问及关于酒的最早记录与什么相关，对话开头男士提到“The earliest piece of graffiti ever found,on awall in ancient Sumeria,complained that the beer was being watered down”，即在古苏美尔的一面墙上，对啤酒被兑水的抱怨，故答案选C。
（2）推理判断题（推论隐含的意义）
推理试题的难度相对比较大，主要的提问方式有：
What can you infer from the conversation?
What might be the man's attitude toward...?
What does the man think about...?
长对话部分对推理判断题的考查不是很多，该类试题主要考查考生的推理判断能力，考生应根据自己对对话内容的理解找出与对话意义相符的选择项，而不仅仅以词句是否与材料中听到的词句完全和部分相同而定。对于没有听懂的句子，可以根据已经获得的部分信息以及自己具备的一般常识来判断可能性较大的选项。
例1 2011年A类初赛
What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
A.Travel agent and customer.
B.Professor and student.
C.Classmates.
【录音原文】
John：I know.I was hoping that they'd stay at3,000words or only go up to3,500,but no luck,I'm afraid.
Jane：What about the deadline?
John：The first one has to be in by October30th and the second by November30th.It looks like one essay amonth the same as last year.
Jane：Well,at least that hasn't changed,but as it's the end of September now,that leaves only amonth to get the first one done.I'm going to get onto that straight away.
John：Yes,you'd better.If you want to talk about it,I'm going to be at the campus cafeteria at1：30for lunch.We could go over some questions.
【解析】通过两人讨论作业的语气及对话发生的场景——校园，可以推知两人是同学，故选C。
例2 2012年A类决赛
What does John think of the Conservative government's training schemes in the last five years?
A.It helped alot,but it didn't solve unemployment.
B.It was atrick the government played and couldn't solve the problem.
C.It was only carried out for afew months and few people got jobs in the end.
【录音原文】
W：Unemployment has been falling steadily over the last five years thanks to our training schemes.
M：But those schemes just keep young people out of the unemployment statistics for afew months.Very few of them get jobs in the end.In fact,all you did was to play with the statistics to make it look as if unemployment was falling.Well,what about more action on poverty?
【解析】在评价training schemes时，男士John说道all you did was to play with the statistics to make it look as if unemployment was falling。所以他认为政府的这一小把戏并不能解决实际问题。
（3）主旨大意题
常见的提问方式：
What is the conversation mainly about?
What are the two speakers talking about?
What does the conversation focus on?
What is the main topic of the conversation?
长对话中对主旨大意题的考查不是很多，该部分是对整个对话内容的总结，属于难度较高的一类题目，因此考生仍需注意。长对话的主题句一般是出现在对话的开始部分，并且对话的主旨会通过对话场景体现在一些关键词中，考生应该注意把握。
例1 2012年A类初赛
What are the speakers talking about?
A.When to build ahotel.
B.The species of animals on the land.
C.The use of the land.
【录音原文】
W：I don't really have any expertise in managing.Have you got any idea what we could do with it?
M：Well,when Isee fifty square kilometers of land,I think of money.
W：Ha,that's typical of you.
M：Well,yeah.I think,you know,a hotel will be great here.There's enough room for it,and as it's in the middle of this kind of wonderful environment,we could really sell it.
W：Yeah,the land's got these really lovely environmental features.You've got these lovely hills and there're all these lovely trees,and alittle forest down there.Perhaps it would be nicer to do something that's kind of more sympathetic with the environment,like,um,you could leave it wild and just let the animals roam free,or you could have like amore organized animal sanctuary to get the most out of the features of it.
【解析】男士提及land，且进一步表示a hotel will be great here。而女士也认为the land's got these really lovely environmental features，并给出了关于土地建设的具体意见。所以两人讨论的是土地利用的问题。
例2 2013年A类初赛
What is this conversation about?
A.Travel agencies.
B.Space tours.
C.Holiday plans.
【录音原文】
W：Welcome to the Holiday Show.Today with me in the studio Ihave Richard Bennet,a travel consultant who's going to tell us about the holiday for those who have been everywhere.So Richard,what's the next frontier for the fearless traveller?
M：We're already working on plans that will get tourists into space within the next ten years.
【解析】这是一篇采访。录音中女士介绍完之后，开始对男士进行采访，问道“对于无畏的旅行者来说下一个目标是什么”，男士回答道他们已经制订计划在未来的十年内让旅游者去太空。由此可知这个谈话是关于“太空旅行”的。
短新闻
1.试题特点
1）新闻内容源自VOA、BBC等国外新闻广播；
2）题材多样，主要为政治、经济、科技等方面的新闻，在人文、军事、体育、健康等方面也有所涉及；
3）由于新闻语言本身的客观性，语音一般语气比较平稳，措辞不会带有个人色彩。
2.解题攻略
（1）听前预测
短新闻部分也可以进行听前预测，基本原则和对话的原则相同，即：
1）把握时机，在听力开始宣读指令时预读题干和选项；
2）纵向浏览选项，快速寻找选项的共同点和不同点；
3）几个选项相结合，预测新闻的大意。
错误的选项也可以传递很多信息，因为它的出现就是为了让考生加以选择，所以肯定有“真”的地方。考生要做的就是找出几个选项的共同点，这些点一般都是“真”的，可以让考生对新闻的大致内容有所了解。对于选项的不同点，在听的过程中要做到“去伪存真”。
（2）听时注意
新闻的第一句一定要注意。因为这句往往是新闻的导语，会告知新闻的主要内容，而且往往是主旨类题目的答案出处。
1）和题目相关的内容一定要注意。新闻听力题目的原文信息定位比较简单，关键是在听时一定要细心，这样才能有效排除干扰项。
2）遇到听不懂的地方立刻跳过。新闻听力的语速较快，如果遇到一个不熟悉的单词或没听清楚的句子就开始想它的意思，往往会影响对下文的理解。所谓“一心不能二用”，绝不可以在听的同时回想上文的内容。要养成一个习惯，即遇到不太懂的地方不要停下来思考，专心听下去。对于新闻听力，这点尤为重要。
3）忽略特殊或难懂的人名地名。在新闻听力中，常常会遇到不太熟悉的人名或地名，但大部分情况下这些人名或地名不会对理解新闻内容造成影响。当然，重要的经常涉及的新闻人物及地名还是得熟悉一下。
4）利用5W1H原则。新闻六要素（who,what,when,where,why,how），即通常说的“五个W和一个H”。听新闻必须捕捉这几个方面的信息，才能准确知道这则新闻究竟要传达的是什么内容。
3.题型分析
短新闻的基本题型可分为细节题、推断题和主旨题。
（1）细节题
和对话类题目类似，短新闻部分的题目也是以细节题为主，针对新闻的六要素（when,where,what,who,why,how）中的一个或几个进行提问。
回答细节题时，考生首先要根据题干的关键词汇认真听取对话中的相关部分，然后再进行选择。当录音中出现题干中的关键词或题干原话时，往往就是答案所在。
例1 2011年A类初赛
What are the most damaging emissions?
A.Ultrafine particles.
B.Gases.
C.Particles produced by gasoline engines.
【录音原文】
People who live in polluted cities can see the grit and dirt produced from vehicle engines but some of the most damaging emissions are only now starting to be understood.They're ultrafine particles,way too small to be seen.Hundreds of them,placed side by side,match the width of ahuman hair.They are primarily produced by combustion in diesel engines.
【解析】新闻第一句末尾和第二句明确指出“the most damaging emissions...They're ultrafine particles...”，故选A项。
例2 2013年A类初赛
What measure is mentioned in the news?
A.Consolidating buildings.
B.Implementing acurfew in cities.
C.Storing food and water.
【录音原文】
Heavy rains and strong winds are battering parts of Jamaica as Hurricane Sandy approaches.Schools and airports have been closed,and acurfew is in place in cities to keep people off the streets.Meteorologists have expected between25and50centimeters of rain to fall.They predict Hurricane Sandy will reach Haiti,Dominican Republic and Cuba.Yvonne Nelson is ashelter manager in Kingston,Jamaica.She described the preparations underway.
【解析】这则新闻是讲飓风Sandy到来时，强风暴雨重创了牙买加的许多地区。其中提到的措施是关闭学校和机场，而且“a curfew is in place in cities to keep people off the streets”（在城市里实行一项宵禁令，让人们远离街道）。
例3 2014年A类初赛
What has caused the dispute over South Korea's law under consideration?
A.Benefit conflict among different industrial groups.
B.The popularity of online gaming in South Korea.
C.Parents concern about children's mental health.
D.Conflict between social and economic priorities.
【录音原文】
South Korea's parliament is considering alaw that would classify online gaming as apotentially antisocial addiction alongside gambling,drugs and alcohol.The bill has won support from parents,religious groups and doctors but has alarmed the Internet industry and enraged gamers.The legislation includes provisions to limit advertising,while aseparate bill would take1%of the gaming industry's revenue to create afund to curb addiction.The uproar over the legislation highlights conflicting social and economic priorities in South Korea.
【解析】该则新闻的重点为最后一句“The uproar over the legislation highlights conflicting social and economic priorities in South Korea”（关于该立法的喧嚣突出了韩国社会和经济首要任务之间的冲突），因此答案选D。
（2）主旨题
相比长对话部分，短新闻部分的主旨题略多。短新闻的主旨题一般情况下答案都出自新闻的首句或前几句，即新闻导语，所以考生对新闻的开头部分要特别注意。
例1 2014年A类决赛
What's the main idea of the news?
A.The retirement saving schemes have benefited millions of UK workers.
B.The retirement saving schemes will be reformed.
C.The retirement saving schemes have just got started.
D.The retirement saving schemes are being questioned.
【录音原文】
Millions of workers will be exposed to“risky”and outdated retirement saving schemes under the government's scheme to automatically enrol people into pensions,former Downing Street adviser Dr.Ros Altmann has warned.Pension schemes under the Government's automatic enrolment initiative started in October2012and are expected to result in around11million new pension savers over the next five years.Altmann said：“The future for pensions is more complex and risky than ever before.”She called for an overhaul of defined contribution（DC）pensions which,she argued,“are not fit for21st-century lives”.
【解析】新闻开头点明主题“Millions of workers will be exposed to‘risky’and outdated retirement saving schemes under the government's scheme to automatically enrol people into pensions...”，即政府将民众自动纳入退休金的方案将令数百万工人陷入高风险、过时的退休金储备系统。因此D项“退休金方案正遭受质疑”概括了新闻主要内容。
例2 2014年A类初赛
What is the main idea of the news?
A.Obesity among youth in the UK is increasing rapidly.
B.The Obesity Action Campaign has won popular support.
C.Obesity has resulted in the rapid increase in liver disease in the UK.
D.Liver disease is no longer to be neglected in the UK.
【录音原文】
“Cirrhosis triggered by obesity threatens to sweep through hospitals across the UK”,said Doctor Jude Oben,a hepatologist.Oben recently launched the charity Obesity Action Campaign to help in the battle against the spread of the condition.In the past,excess alcohol consumption and hepatitis infections have been the main causes of cirrhosis in Britain.Now athird cause—obesity—has triggered amajor increase in cases of liver disease in the UK.Liver disease is the fifth largest cause of death in the UK,and in the past10years there has been afivefold increase in cirrhosis for those aged between35and55.
【解析】新闻中首先指出肥胖所导致的肝硬化（cirrhosis）在英国的普遍性，提到之前肝硬化的主要诱因是过度饮酒和传染性肝炎，而如今第三种诱因“obesity—has triggered amajor increase in cases of liver disease in the UK”，由此可知该新闻主要内容是“肥胖导致英国肝脏疾病的快速增加”，即C项内容。
（3）推断题
推断题在短新闻题目中所占的比例很小，该类题目需要对某个事实细节进行推断。该类题能力要求较高，原文不会直接给出答案，必须在听懂的前提下才能做出准确的推断。
例1 2012年A类决赛
What does the reverse brain drain in the news refer to?
A.Talents flowing from developed countries to their motherland.
B.Talents flowing from developing countries to developed ones.
C.Talents flowing from big cities to rural areas.
【录音原文】
Congress is studying how to change immigration policies in an effort to get more foreign students to stay and work in the United States.Many foreign students come to the United States to earn advanced degrees in science,technology,engineering and math.But many are unable to get avisa to live and work here after they graduate.So far no agreement has been reached on how to stop this so-called reverse brain drain.The loss of highly skilled workers usually involves developing countries losing them to wealthier ones.Critics say immigration policies in the United States are too restrictive.
【解析】文中提到现行的移民措施导致many foreign students...unable to get avisa to live and work in the United States，即许多留学生归国，这将造成许多发展中国家的reverse brain drain“人才回流”。故选A。
例2 2014年A类初赛
What could be inferred from the news?
A.There is no evidence that the planet is suitable for human existence.
B.There may be several planets that really resemble the Earth in space.
C.Scientists are planning to explore the planet someday.
D.Astronomers have landed on an Earth-like planet in space.
【录音原文】
Scientists believe one in five stars in our galaxy have Earth-like planets orbiting them.But the ultimate goal of finding aworld that truly resembles our own has continued to elude astronomers.Now researchers have come astep closer by finding Earth's gassy twin in another solar system200light years away.It orbits adim red dwarf star at such aclose distance that temperatures on its surface could be as high as104℃—too hot for most forms of life on Earth.KOI-314C is only30percent more dense than water.This suggests that the world is enveloped by ablanket of hydrogen and helium hundreds of miles thick.
【解析】新闻中首先提到找到真正与地球相似的星球持续“elude astronomers”（elude使……迷惑；理解不了），随后指出研究者发现与地球相似的这个星球表面温度可达到104摄氏度，并且氢和氮的含量浓度很大。换句话说，就是并无证据表明该星球适合人类生存。故答案选A。
笔记填空
1.试题特点
（1）综合性
笔记填空是一种综合性的测试手段，它全面测试了考生的语音、词汇量、语法以及记笔记等能力。
（2）难度较高
相对复合式听写，笔记填空难度要更大一些。复合式听写时，考生可以根据空缺明确定位需要的单词在何时会读到，而在笔记填空时，考生只能看到针对文章的笔记提纲，需要根据笔记，在听懂的基础上准确捕捉空缺处信息。
（3）考查单词和短语
笔记填空只考单词和短语听写，不考句子听写。
2.解题攻略
（1）听前利用间隙浏览提纲
在录音播放前，尽快浏览提纲，通过已有内容预测文章大意并推测单词的词性，如果是动词或名词，要格外注意它们的词尾变化，这样考生在听录音时就更具有针对性，从而提高效率。
例1 2014年A类决赛
Mainly for students throughout the Southeast,Midwest,and__________of the US...
【预测】通过and可知，空缺处和Southeast,Midwest并列，由此预判空缺处应填入一个名词，而且表示的是美国的某个地区或者地点。（答案为Rocky Mountain regions。）
例2 2014年A类决赛
Designed by__________at the University of Iowa in1959to...
【预测】空格部分接在介词by的后面，因此需填入名词表示是由谁设计的。同时通过后面的at the University of Iowa in1959可知，参加设计的人和大学有关系。（答案为researchers。）
（2）利用速记法
边听边记，快速填写。在很短的时间里要写下听到的单词或词组，同时要保证拼写正确，而且还要跟上后面的听力内容，确实有很大的难度。因此考生要尽量运用速记法，以便能做到事半功倍。由于笔记填空不是给出整篇文章，而只是给出一些要点，因此考生在听的时候要特别注意空白部分左右两侧的内容，通常以空白部分前面的内容作为信号词，即出现该词时就应将其后面的内容记录下来。在速记时要擅用通用符号和缩略语。
（3）听完录音后，重新检查已填的词是否正确，力求答案完整
一是根据空白部分左右两侧内容，检查所填入的词是否满足基本的语法规则，一般从词性、名词的单复数、动词的时态语态上检查是否有问题；二是检查单词的拼写是否正确。
3.题型分析
笔记填空的基本题型可分为要点题、细节题。其中细节题又可以分为直截了当型和细节理解型。
（1）要点题
要点题即针对文章的要点设置空缺，文章的要点一般为体现文章的主要内容和文章脉络的句子，多为段落的主题句。解答要点题需要考生从宏观上把握文章的脉络结构，对信息引导词句提高敏感度。
Now let's move on to the disadvantages.
Now let's look at the features of them one by one.
There are at least three components of...
In the next part of the lecture,I'd like to talk about one of the basic steps...
In today's lecture,I'll try to answer these questions.
These are the steps shared between...and...
Generally speaking,there are two basic types of...
Firstly，...Secondly,...Thirdly,...
First and foremost...
Then,...
Last but not the least...
After this stage come the levels of...
Next,the level of...
What follows is the top level of...
For one thing，...Another component of...is...,and last...
Finally,...
First of all,what is...?
例 2014年A类初赛
Context
Definition：Our environment,particularly its significance during（21）__________.
Two types of cultures：
A.High context cultures
·The emphasis is the environment（22）__________.
·A message may not be stated very（23）whose meaning is（24）__________.
·A certain statement may have（25）__________.
B.（26）__________context cultures
·The emphasis is the（27）__________,which is often quite（28）__________.
·（29）__________don't often change the meaning of message very much.
·All the people are expected to understand the message in（30）__________.
【要点题判断】从本答题卡给出的notes可以看出，第26题为要点题，体现了文章的脉络，这道题的note与“A.High context cultures”在结构上并列。
【录音原文】
Temporal perception is just one aspect of how we are shaped by our cultures.Another very strong element of our cultures is context.This refers to our environment,particularly how much of it is significant during communication.In terms of context,there are two types of cultures,high context cultures and low context cultures...
【解析】录音开头部分便提到“In terms of context,there are two types of cultures,high context cultures and low context cultures”，可知该空所在部分应该是对低语境文化的介绍，因此正确答案为Low。
（2）细节题
细节题是要点之下细节内容上的填空，是笔记填空采用最多的出题形式。细节题大致分为直截了当型和细节理解型。
1）直截了当型
此类细节题可以直接拿来就填，文章内容和需要填入的内容完全吻合。竞赛中空缺处所填写的词绝大部分都是这种类型。
例 2012年A类决赛
The police finally found the man with the details he offered on his website,such as his__________and instructions for collecting the money.
【录音原文】
...It also included the British man's contact information and instructions on how to collect the reward.The officers followed the instructions exactly,which made it easy for them to“collect”the man for attempted murder.
【解析】文中提到“It also included the British man's contact information and instructions on how to collect the reward”，因此正确答案为contact information。
2）细节理解型
该类题虽然也是对细节的考查，但听到的内容不能直接填入空缺，需要对听到的内容进行同义转换、词性转换、思维角度转换等来满足空缺处对字数、语法等的要求。
例1 2012年A类初赛
Name：Festival of Snakes
Country：Italy
Activities：Celebrations begin with people__________and putting them in cages.
【录音原文】
Celebrations begin on Saint Joseph's Day,March19,when the first snakes of the season are captured and put in cages.
【解析】capturing snakes（思维角度转换，主动语态转为被动语态。）
例2 2012年A类决赛
A man suspected of ajewelry store__________was arrested.He tried to find himself the alibi by saying he had committed another crime somewhere else.
【录音原文】
In Belgium,a man who was suspected of robbing ajewelry store was tracked down and captured by the police.
【解析】robbery（词性转换，非谓语动词转为名词。）
例3 2012年A类决赛
But he got arrested because when the policeman entered in the ID number in his driver's license,it showed on the screen that he was the__________for arobbery.
【录音原文】
The officer took his driver's license and entered in the ID number.A few moments later,the screen lit up,showing that the man was wanted for armed robbery.
【解析】wanted man（词性转换，非谓语动词转为名词。）
平时备考
为了提高听力效果，考生应在听力训练和复习中有意识地注意以下几个方面的训练。
1.通过“读”帮助“听”，努力扩大知识面
听力部分的内容取材广泛，几乎覆盖生活的各个方面。对现实生活各个领域的词汇都略知一二是听懂的基础，对于短新闻类题目尤其适用，新闻作为一种语言测试题型也是语言在现实生活中真实运用的体现。所以考生在平时的学习中要多读多听，不断积累各个方面的知识和词汇，尤其是实事政治词汇。
2.掌握正确的语音
掌握正确的语音是提高英语听力能力的重要基础。学习者有必要对音标、字母组合、发音规则等进行系统的复习，不断提高对语音的辨别能力和敏感程度。只有熟练地掌握了这些基础知识，才能逐步过渡到句子、段落以至于整篇文章的理解。
3.扩大词汇量
扩大词汇量，熟记新闻报道中的常用词汇。虽然英语新闻广播所使用的词汇量很大，但其中的常用词比较稳定，且重复率较高。如VOA广播中的Special English节目要求的常用词汇约为1500个，如果能熟练掌握这些词汇，听懂Special English就不是问题。
4.加强储存记忆（memory span）
做到这一点需要按意群捕捉讲述的内容，不要一字一字地听，而要抓住关键词或句。听完一段不可能一字一句地回忆，而要建立整体概念。
5.加强及时反应（immediate recall）
只有当你建立了整体概念，才能达到立即回忆。
6.做简短笔记（brief note-taking）
在听较长材料时，用缩写或自己能看懂的点、线或其他标记做些快速记录，如：数字、地点、人名或其他关键词语等。
7.多做听写和记笔记训练（dictating¬e-taking）
这种练习有助于储存记忆，训练快速抓住关键词或句以及中心思想的能力。
8.精听与泛听（intensive&extensive listening）
同一段内容反复听若干次，这样有助于增加记忆的持续时间；听不同内容的材料，有助于增加听各种不同声音、口音及语速的经验。前者属于精听，后者为泛听，两者应有机结合起来。
9.训练听与寻找答案同时进行（looking for the right answer while listening）
在听的同时迅速浏览各项选择，只需细看各项选择的不同部分，而相同的部分只看第一个即可，这样可以节省时间以便多做思考。当然，如果能巧妙地利用每一部分考题的空隙快速浏览一下所要做的习题的选择项，那是再好不过了。因此，特别要提醒考生的一个诀窍就是：当听力理解的每一部分开始放音时，总要有一长段的题目指令（Instructions）与例题（Sample），考生可以不必去听它，因为听与不听根本不会影响你后面的答题。利用这一段时间，浏览题目及选项并大致推测一下录音内容大有益处。考生千万不要错过这个时机。
10.必须防止两种情况的发生
一是精神过度紧张；二是注意力长时间的滞留。要学会控制自己的注意力，尽量不使其长时间地滞留或努力缩短其滞留时间，而迅速再度集中注意力听下面的内容。
总之，听力的提高固然与个人的语音水平有关，但更重要的还必须通过大量的听的实践来提高。客观地讲，提高英语听力水平没有捷径可走，多听是唯一的办法。所谓“技巧”都是在英语新闻听力训练的过程中根据自己的实践总结的经验，任何“技巧”都代替不了“听”本身。所以，要想提高英语听力水平，一定要养成经常听英语的习惯。