Sentence 5

英文原文：

Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.

TPO-1: Timberline Vegetation on Mountains

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参考翻译：

另外，风速会随着海拔的升高而加大，（这）可能增加树木承受的压力；这一点从高纬度地区变形的树木可以明显看出。

知识点小结：

这句话涉及一个很重要的语法点——“as和 which在引导定语从句时的用法及区别”。是否有考生还记得前面讲过的“as”这个单词呢？

1.“as”和“which”在引导“非限制性定语从句”时，既可以指代前句中的某一部分，也also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees”（风速随海拔的升高而加大，从而可能增加树木所承受的压力），可用 A来代替这一整句话。连接词后面的内容是“as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes”，可用 B来代替“by”后面的内容。于是原文就可以被简化为“A, as is made evident by B”。因为“as”指代的是前面一句话的内容，所以句子可以进一步简化为“A is made evident by B”。当句子简化到这个地步的时候，再看下面这个题目是否就容易很多了呢？

2. 什么时候用“as”？什么时候又用“which”呢？二者的区别到底是什么？在引导非限制性定语从句时，“as”和“which”的功能是一样的（都是指代前一句话的整体或部分内容）。其重要区别在二者的意思上：“as”有比较的含义，可翻译为“如同”；而 “which”则没有。大家不妨一起看几个例子吧：

a. Mary is late, as/which is often the case.

玛丽迟到了，和经常发生的情况一样 /这是经常发生的情况。

（此处二者意思相似，因为“和经常发生的情况一样”与“这是经常发生的情况”在意思上并没有多大的区别。）

b. Mary was late, which made Mr. Smith very angry.

玛丽迟到了，这让史密斯先生很生气。

（此处“which”不能换成“as”，因为前后内容不存在对比关系。）

c. She is a great dancer, as her mother used to be.

她是个很出色的舞者，和她母亲当年一样。

（因为存在明显的比较含义，此处“as”不能换成“which”。）

大家可以再试着比较一下：

a. He married her, which was expected.

他娶了她，这是意料之中的。

b. He married her, as was expected.

正如意料的一样，他娶了她。

原文中，把“as”换成“which”不会影响句子的意思。

与本次句子翻译相关的阅读题目：

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.

A. Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likely to be seriously harmed by the strong winds typical of those altitudes.

B. As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.

C. The deformed shapes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, which increase with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.

D. Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees.

注：“A is made evident by B”（A被 B弄得很明显）相当于“B shows A”（B很显然地表明了 A）。所以大家就明白了，这道句子简化题的答案为 C选项。

汉英翻译练习：

大众媒体对名人给予了过度的关注，这一点从电视、报纸等媒体所设置的随处可见的娱乐八卦专栏中可以很明显地看出来。

（后者是前者的明显证据）

截图-通用123

参考翻译：

Mass media have paid too much attention to celebrities, as is made evident by the gossip news which can be seen everywhere in the entertainment sections of newspapers or on television or magazines.

请将以上句子扩充后的中文段落翻译成英文：

（1）迈克尔 ·杰克逊曾经这样唱道：“I need my privacy; so paparazzi, get away from me。”歌词展现了这样一种情况：大众媒体对名人给予了过度的关注 ,这一点从电视、报纸等媒体所设置的随处可见的娱乐八卦专栏中可以很明显地看出来。（2）显然这种过分的关注对名人的隐私是一种伤害；而更重要的是，这是对大众精力的一种浪费，（在这样的情况下）社会将难以注意到那些需要被注意到的方面。

大家想一想，该翻译练习是不是可以用到下面的托福写作中呢？

写作题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public fi gures and celebrities.

——2006.1.4

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