Day 6 低频词
surpass [səˈpɑːs] v. 胜过,优于;超越
拆分 sur(超过)+ pass(通过)→通过并超过→胜过
例句 The costs of the vacation surpassed my expectation.
这次度假的花销超出了我的预想。
翻译 surpassing the old record(超过了以往记录)
同义替换 excel v. 优于;胜过 overcome v. 克服;胜过 exceed v.超过;胜过
syndrome [ˈsɪndrəʊm] n. 综合征;综合症状
例句 The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased.如果运动员长时间表现出疲劳症状,或者表现水准下降或者降低,就应该考虑到训练过度综合征。
翻译 The doctor diagnosed the patient’s syndrome from the test results.(医生是根据患者的检验结果做出诊断的。)
同义替换 symptom n. 征兆;症状
tangle [ˈtæŋɡl] n. 混乱状态;纠纷 v. 使纠缠;处于混乱状态,乱作一团
例句 They were tangled in the labour-management controversy.他们卷入了劳资纠纷。
衍生 tangled adj. 纠结的;复杂的,杂乱的
翻译 has tangled all these cables(把缆线搞得一团乱)
同义替换 dissension n. 纠纷;意见不合 entanglement n. 纠纷confuse v. 使混乱;使困惑 intertangle v. 使纠缠entangle v. 使纠缠;使混乱
tendency [ˈtendənsi] n. 倾向,趋势
拆分 tend(倾向)+ ency(名词后缀)→趋向,趋势
例句 What is your occupation tendency?
你的职业倾向是什么?
衍生 tend v. 趋向,倾向;照料,照顾
翻译 as there is an upward tendency in the price
(由于价格有上涨的趋势)
同义替换 inclination n. 倾向,爱好 liability n. 倾向;可能性direction n. 方向,趋势 tide n. 趋势
transient [ˈtrænziənt] adj. 短暂的;转瞬即逝的
例句 The transient happiness vanished. She went home with a broken heart. 短暂的幸福感消失了。她怀着一颗破碎的心回到家中。
翻译 Her transient bravery saved her own life.
(她短暂的勇气救了她自己。)
同义替换 fleeting adj. 飞逝的;转瞬间的 transitory adj.短暂的,一时的 passing adj. 短暂的 brief adj. 简短的,短暂的
adhere [ədˈhɪə(r)] v.(to) 黏附,附着;遵守,坚持;追随,支持
拆分 ad(增加)+ her(黏附)+ e →粘上→遵守,坚持
真题 Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another.
糨糊是用以使一个接触面粘住另一个接触面的。
We should adhere to our principles.
我们应该坚持自己的原则。
衍生 adherence n. 信奉;依附;坚持;固着
翻译 We adhere to the principle that(我们坚持这一原则,那就是) everyone should be treated fairly.
同义替换 cling v. 粘紧,紧贴
underlie [ˌʌndəˈlaɪ] v. 成为……的基础;位于……之下
例句 Underlying the hysteria(歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable.
支撑这种疯狂的是这样一种信念:鹤立鸡群的高分就是高人一等的资本。
衍生 underlying adj. 根本的
翻译 underlie much of the crime(是许多犯罪的根本原因)
undermine [ˌʌndəˈmaɪn] v. 暗中破坏,逐渐削弱
拆分 under(在……下)+ mine(挖)→挖墙脚→暗中破坏,逐渐削弱
例句 At the same time, through a provision of The Patriot Act, the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may be connected to undesirable activities that might undermine our system of government rather than helping democracy flourish.与此同时,通过《爱国者法案》的一个条款,我们的国家领导正在无意识地传递这样一种信息:我们的阅读可能涉及一些活动,这些活动将削弱我们的政府体系而不是促进民主。
翻译 undermine his authority(削弱他的权威)
同义替换 weaken v. 削弱;使变弱 destroy v. 破坏 founder v. 破坏
vacant [ˈveɪkənt] adj. 空的;空闲的;空缺的;空虚的
例句 A friend of mine told me you have a vacant apartment.我的一个朋友告诉我,您这里有一套公寓出租。
衍生 vacancy n. 空位,空职
翻译 If that room is vacant(如果那个房间空着的话)
同义替换 void adj. 空的;空缺的 hollow adj. 空的;中空的 empty adj. 空的 blank adj. 空白的;空虚的 leisure adj. 空闲的;有闲的
haunt [hɔːnt] v.(鬼魂等)常出没于;使苦恼,使担忧;(不快的事情)萦绕在心头,缠绕n.常去的地方
例句 Years after the accident he was still haunted by images of death and destruction. 事故已经过去好多年了,但他还是被当时那种死亡与毁灭的阴影所萦绕。
翻译 She has a haunt look(她显得忧愁不堪), as if she is constantly anxious or afraid.
同义替换 frequent v. 时常出没;常去(某处)
liability [ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti] n. 责任;[pl.]负债,债务;不利条件,起妨碍作用的人(或物)
例句 If your liabilities exceed your assets, you may go bankrupt. You must be responsible for it.
如果负债超过资产,你就会破产。你必须为之负责。
翻译 As a consequence, having older people in a family can be an economic asset, not a liability.(而不是负担)
同义替换 responsibility n. 责任,责任心;职责,义务
menace [ˈmenəs] n.具有危险性的人(或物);威胁,威吓v. 威胁,威吓
例句 Hurricanes periodically menace the Gulf Coast.
飓风常常威胁着墨西哥湾海岸。
翻译 Presently I sensed an underlying air of menace(潜在的威胁) in his appeal, I was angered.
同义替换 threaten v. 威胁,恐吓;预示(有危险)
violate [ˈvaɪəleɪt] v. 违反;侵犯,妨碍
拆分 viol(暴力)+ ate(动词后缀)→使用暴力→侵犯
例句 Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。
衍生 violation n. 违反,触犯
翻译 The arrest and detention of the protestors violated their civil liberties(侵犯了他们的公民自由).
同义替换 disobey v. 违反
mingle [ˈmɪŋgl] v. 使混合,使相混;混合起来,相混合;相交往,相往来
例句 Although the colonists mingled to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians’ influence on American culture and language was not extensive .
虽然殖民者与美洲土著人在某种程度上互相融合,但是印第安人对美国文化和语言的影响并不深。
翻译 It is characteristic of city life that all sorts of people meet and mingle together(互相见面又互相混杂)who never fully comprehend one another.
同义替换 mix v.配制;混淆 vi.相混合;交往
acclaim [əˈkleɪm] v. 称赞;为……喝彩,向……欢呼;给予高度评价 n. 称赞;欢呼
例句 They acclaimed him as the best player of the year.
他们称赞他为本年度最佳运动员。
翻译 was acclaimed as a masterpiece(被誉为一部杰作)
同义替换 approve v. 批准;赞成 praise v. 赞美;表扬 applaud v.向……喝彩;赞同
acquaint [əˈkweɪnt] v. 使认识;使熟悉
例句 This book acquaints the students with the ancient cultures of Europe.
这本书帮助学生了解欧洲的古代文化。
衍生 acquaintance n. 相识的人,熟人
翻译 I am acquainted with him.(我认识他。)
同义替换 familiarize v. 使熟悉
aesthetic [iːsˈθetɪk] adj. 美的;美学的;审美的
例句 Later he also gained in aesthetic knowledge.
后来他的美学知识也增加了。
衍生 aesthetics n. 美学
翻译 The building is aesthetic.(这栋建筑物外形美观。)
同义替换 esthetical adj. 美的;美术的
affirm [əˈfɜːm] v. 断言;声称;确认;强化(感觉,信念等)
例句 She affirmed that all was well. 她肯定地说一切都很好。
衍生 affirmation n. 主张,肯定;断言
翻译 affirm male superiority(强化了男子的优越感)
同义替换 assert v. 断言;主张;声称 declare v. 宣布;声明;断言 confirm v. 确认;确定pronounce v. 发音;断言
alien [ˈeɪliən] adj. 外国的;截然不同的;不相容的 n.外星人;外国人
例句 Christopher McKay, a planetary scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, believes that in 50 years we may find evidence of alien life in ancient permanent frost of Mars or on other planets. 克里斯托弗·麦凯是美国国家航空航天局艾姆斯研究中心的行星科学家,他相信在未来50年内,我们可能会在火星或其他行星上的永久冻层里找到外星球生命存在的证据。
翻译 is totally alien to us(和我们截然不同的)
同义替换 foreign adj. 外国的;外来的 extraneous adj. 外来的
amend [əˈmend] v.修改(法律或文件等)
例句 Congress may amend the proposed tax bill.
议会可能会修正提议的征税法。
衍生 amendment n. 修正;改正;改善
翻译 amend the law(修改法律)
同义替换 mend v. 修补;修改 correct v. 改正 improve v. 改善;增进
analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析;分解
拆分 ana(再次)+ lys + is(表名词)→再次分解→分析
例句 Do these challenges mean that all of the analysis is a waste of time? 这些挑战是否意味着所有的分析只不过是浪费时间而已?
衍生 analyse v. 分析;分解
翻译 Your analysis may be right.(你的分析可能是正确的。)
apparatus [ˌæpəˈreɪtəs] n. 装置,设备;器具;仪器
例句 We require the agency in our market for your precision apparatus.
我们希望在我方市场做你方精密仪器的代理。
翻译 If you want to buy these apparatus
(如果你想买这些仪器)
同义替换 equipment n. 设备,装备;器材rig n. 装备 utensil n. 器具
applaud [əˈplɔːd] v. 向……喝彩;鼓掌;赞同;称赞
例句 The audience applauded wildly at the end of the opera.
观众在歌剧结束时狂热地鼓掌喝彩。
衍生 applause n. 鼓掌,掌声;称赞
翻译 We applaud the decision to go ahead with the new building.(我们赞成开始建造新大楼的决定。)
同义替换 clap v. 鼓掌 acclaim v. 称赞;向……欢呼 cheer v. 欢呼praise v. 称赞;赞扬 approve v. 批准;赞成
audible [ˈɔːdəbl] adj. 听得见的
例句 The only sound that was audible was the regular dip of the sweeps.
唯一能听到的声音是船桨有节奏的拍水声。
翻译 His voice was barely audible.(几乎听不见他的说话声。)
同义替换 hearable adj. 听得见的
auditorium [ˌɔːdɪˈtɔːriəm] n. 礼堂,会堂;观众席
例句 All students please gather in the auditorium in 10 minutes.
所有的学生请在10分钟内到礼堂集合。
翻译 There is a speech in the auditorium.
(在礼堂有个演讲。)
同义替换 hall n. 门厅,走廊;会堂;礼堂
badge [bædʒ] n. 徽章;标记;象征
例句 Wisdom is the badge of maturity.
智慧是成熟的标志。
翻译 They were wearing badges.
(他们戴着徽章。)
同义替换 insignia n. 徽章;标志;荣誉 bedge n. 徽章;标记 mark n. 记号
baffle [ˈbæfl] v. 使……困惑;使……受挫折
例句 It baffled me that he rejected my offer.
他拒绝我的建议使我迷惑不解。
翻译 The question baffled me completely.
(这个问题把我问倒了。)
同义替换 puzzle v. 使……困惑;使……为难 bewilder v. 使迷惑;使不知所措 confound v. 挫败;使混乱 mystify v. 使迷惑;使困惑 perplex v. 使困惑;使为难
banish [ˈbænɪʃ] v. 放逐;驱逐
例句 The king banished the traitor from the realm.
国王把背叛者驱逐出王国。
翻译 banish the criminals to barren areas
(把罪犯流放到不毛之地)
同义替换 exile v. 放逐,驱逐 expel v. 驱逐;开除 ostracize v. 放逐;排斥
barricade [ˌbærɪˈkeɪd] n. 路障;障碍 v. 设路障;阻碍
例句 The soldiers barricaded the streets to prevent an attack.
士兵们在大街上设置路障,阻止进攻。
翻译 The police barricaded the streets.(警察在街上设路障。)
同义替换 barrier n. 障碍物,屏障obstruction n. 障碍;阻碍fortification n. 防御工事
massacre [ˈmæsəkə(r)] v.大规模屠杀,残杀;彻底击败 n.大屠杀,残杀;(比赛等)惨败
例句 All the Chinese people can’t forget the Nanjing massacre. 所有中国人都不能忘了南京大屠杀。
翻译 The Bermuda Conference took place because the secret of the massacre(大屠杀的秘密) leaked out.
同义替换 slaughter v. & n. 屠杀,杀戮;屠宰
benign [bɪˈnaɪn] adj. 良性的;慈祥的;和蔼的
例句 The doctor diagnosed the tumor as benign.
医生认为这个肿瘤是良性的。
翻译 in benign amusement(亲切而且满心欢喜)
同义替换 gracious adj. 亲切的;和蔼的 nice adj. 美好的;和蔼的 kind adj. 和蔼的
bewilder [bɪˈwɪldə(r)] v. 使迷惑,使不知所措
例句 The driver was bewildered by the conflicting road signs.
这名司机被相抵触的路标给弄糊涂了。
衍生 bewilderment n. 困惑;迷乱;慌张 bewildering adj.令人困惑的,令人茫然无措的 bewildered adj. 困惑的,茫然无措的
翻译 His words made me bewilder.(他的话让我迷惑。)
同义替换 confuse v.使迷惑 baffle v. 使困惑 perplex v. 使困惑enchant v. 使迷惑 bemuddle v. 使迷惑 puzzle v. 使困惑
bilateral [ˌbaɪˈlætərəl] adj. 双边的;双方的;对称的
例句 There will be disagreement, and the results will affect bilateral relations and the world. 将来必定会有分歧,其结果将影响到双边关系和全世界。
翻译 Our bilateral trade shows great promise for the future.
(我们的双边贸易前景广阔。)
同义替换 two-sided adj. 两方面的 bipartite adj. 双边的;双方的
elicit [iˈlɪsɪt] v.诱出,探出
例句 After much questioning, he elicited the truth from the boy. 在多次询问后,他从这男孩处探出了真相。
衍生 elicitation n. 引出,诱出
翻译 How great a change in price is necessary to elicit a certain response in the quantity supplied(为了引起供给数量的一定反应).
同义替换 secure v. 获得;得到;保卫
catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfi] n. 大灾难,大祸;困境,麻烦
拆分 cat(看作cad,落下)+ astro(星星)+ phe→星星坠落,大难临头
例句 The flood in Venice was a major catastrophe.
威尼斯的洪水是一场大灾难。
翻译 It will be a catastrophe for everyone concerned
(对有关各方都不利).
同义替换 disaster n. 不幸;灾难,灾祸
cluster [ˈklʌstə(r)] n. 丛;串;簇;群 v. 丛生;群聚
例句 The students clustered their tents together.
学生们把帐篷集中搭在一起。
翻译 had clustered around the toy shop window(聚集在玩具店橱窗周围)
同义替换 bunch n. 串;群 group n. 组v. 聚合;聚集
clutch [klʌtʃ] n. 控制;离合器 v.(因害怕或痛苦)突然抓住;紧握
例句 He clutched the rope we threw to him.
他紧紧抓住我们抛给他的绳子。
翻译 a woman clutching a baby(抱着小孩的妇女)
同义替换 grasp v. 抓住;紧握hold v. 抓住;紧握
collaboration [kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn] n. 合作;勾结;通敌
例句 This means open conflict and open collaboration at once. 这意味着既公开冲突又公开合作。
衍生 collaborate v. 合作;勾结
翻译 in collaboration with that insititute(和那所学院合作)
同义替换 cooperation n. 合作