7分 垫鼎之作 三大进行时稳扎稳打
口语部分
时态变化是口语考试的一个高级得分点,所谓高级体现在“全都能用对”和“变化”这两个技能上。那么,除了你平时熟悉的“During weekends, I always play basketball with my friends.”和“I have a friend. His name is Tom. We have been best friends since high school. He is friendly and kind. We are best friends because we have similar hobbies.”这样的简单时态,什么时候才能变化时态,用上我们学过的高级时态呢?
1 现在进行时
现在进行时有三个用处:
❶ 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的情况(口语考试很少用,大部分题是说过去);
❷ 虽然说话时并没有真正在做,但在现阶段正在从事、到现在还没有结束的事儿(常用来说明基本信息题,现在在哪住、在哪上学、在哪工作等问题);
❸ 与频度副词always,constantly, continually, forever连用,表示抱怨(这个很常用)
要想掌握这个时态的用法,大家只需要记住几个万能句子就可以了。
表示说话时,正在进行的动作:
I think travelling by bus is a big trouble. What I'm saying is its disadvantages in belonging safety, uncomfortableness, and over exposure to potential diseases.
I don't like science at all. I'm talking about physics, chemistry, especially chemistry which I think is just like Greek to me.
在这一用法中,现在进行时用于解释说明前面没有解释清楚的信息。
在基本信息题中,表达现阶段进行的事情就和上一章现在完成时的用法类似了,有些细微差别。例如:
Currently, I'm studying in Xi'an International Studies University as a freshman.Right now, I'm living in a small duplex house which I share with 3 other guys.
当然,只要是描述现状的,都可以用现在进行时,比如:
Recently, I'm struggling with the IELTS exam, so on the weekends, the only thing I do is practice my English.
在雅思口语真题中,可以使用以上表达现状的说法的题目有:
Work or study
Do you work or are you a student?
What's your major?
Hometown/House or flat
Where's your hometown?
Do you live in a house or flat?
Weekends/Leisure/Friends or social network/sleep
What do you like to do at weekends?
How do you like to relax?
How long do you spend time with your friends?
What kinds of social networks do you use?
How many hours do you sleep every day?
这些询问生活习惯的题是现在进行时常出现的地方,你可以用currently…表达现在很忙,学习很累,在做什么之类的表示现阶段进行的事情。
现在进行时还有一个用处,就是表示已确定的未来计划,或者表达强烈的愿望,比如:
I'm craving for traveling around the world. 我十分渴望周游世界。
I'm longing for buying a big house. 我一直想要个大房子。
2 过去进行时
这个时态在雅思口语考试中运用广泛,对雅思考试有一些了解的同学们都知道,雅思考官最喜欢问关于过去的话题,在Part 2中的80%的描述题都是要介绍我如何认识这个人(人物题)、什么时候去过这个景点(地点题)、什么时候买的这个东西(物品题)、什么时候看的电视节目(媒体题)、什么时候的经历(事件经历题)。
所以,过去进行时是所有考生必须要学会的时态用法。
怎么用呢?过去进行时的本质是用来描述口语中的场景。例如:
我上周在公交车站等公交车,看到一个美女想要电话,想描述得细致一些给你,怎么说呢?
I was waiting for the bus at the bus station. Then I saw a good-looking girl standing by my side. I was thinking: “Wow, she looks like an angel!” So, I moved towards her and tried to start a conversation. She seemed rather offended, frowned and said, “Get out of my sight!”
我那会儿正在公交站等公交,然后我看见一个特别好看的女孩站我边上。我就想:“哇,这长相沉鱼落雁啊!”所以,我就朝她挪步,想跟她聊聊天。她好像特别反感,皱了个眉头,说了句:“滚开!”
过去进行时会把你拉进一个场景里去,让你和我一起回味一下发生了什么事情,还可以告诉听者在这个场景中,我的内心戏、内心感受。
如果没有过去进行时,这个小段就成这样了:
I waited for the bus, saw a good-looking girl standing by my side and moved towards her and tried to start a conversation. She seemed rather offended, frowned and said, “Get out!”
我等公交车,看到一个漂亮女孩站我旁边,我靠近她和她聊天,她好像特别烦我,皱眉说了句,“滚!”
全部是一般过去时的表述只能表达我做过什么事,但是无法带给你更细节的体会和场景。
如何说出一个场景呢?从场景的四要素开始学起:
1.时间 2. 地点 3. 道具/第一印象描述 4. 内心感受
回答一个Do you like music? 的场景
Yes, I like music very much.
(时间)Every time when I feel tired,
(地点)no matter where I am, on a bus or staying at home
(道具)I like to put on my earphones and hide myself in the world of music.
(内心感受)Before I broke up with my girlfriend, I was thinking,“Music is a cure to sadness.” and later I found it's true.
一个认识好朋友时的场景
I'd like to talk about one of my best friends whose name is Jacie. She is a lovely girl and also my high school classmate.
(时间)At that time, it was on the first day, in the orientation.
(地点) We were asked to have an ice-breaking party in the classroom.
(描述) She showed up with a long dress in white color, walking elegantly.
(内心感受)I was thinking, “Wow, she is beautiful!”
(在场景中的细节行为描述都可以用过去进行时)
She was talking like an angel.
She was smiling with charm.
过去进行时也可以用在其他场景中,大家可以试着描述一下吃小吃的场景,开车去旅游的场景等。
3 将来进行时
这是一个表达愿望、决心的时态,用于表示已经决定的、肯定会发生的事。
我记得上次考雅思,考官出来我马上要站起来跟他打招呼,他说他要上厕所,过一会儿回来:Just one minute, I'll be right back.
然后我回答: That's all right. I'll be right here waiting for you. 这其实是一句歌词,我酷酷地把它用这了,那次考官给了我8分。
不过,在整个12分钟口语考试中,关于将来时态的题目倒不是很多。
Part 1出现的都是关于将来的打算,如:对未来交通的看法,以后会不会买车等问题。
What's your plan for the future?
Do you want to live in the countryside in the future?
Will you use more social networks in the future?
How to improve the public transportation in the future?
Do you want to learn arts in the future?
What technologies do you want to learn in the future?
在回答这些将来时的问题时,通常就只有两个态度,一个是不确定的虚拟语气表达将来时的态度:
I think perhaps I would have a try some day.
我想我可能以后会试试。
一个是无比肯定的将来进行时的态度:
I think I'll be looking forward to seeing the future that one day I can become an engineer as my father.
我想我一定会无比期待这样的未来,有一天我成为一个像我爸那样的工程师。
或
I'll be studying in Canada next year. 我明年要去加拿大学习。
If that comes true, I'll be thinking the world is crazy.
如果这个说法成真了,我一定会觉得世界疯了吧!
练习
01 改错
你能看出下列句子有什么语法错误吗?
*Perhaps, next year I'll be studying in UK.
*Do you like eating snacks?
Yes, I like eating snacks. I was thinking:
“Snacks are the most wonderful thing in the world.”
*Where do you live?
Currently, I've lived in a dormitory at school.
02 大闯关
1) 试用过去进行时描述一个吃小吃的场景。
回答这个问题:“Do you like snacks?”
2) 翻译下列句子。
我明年一定会去澳洲读书。
我十分想周游世界。
参考答案
01 perhaps表示可能,代表未来的打算不是很确定,就不能使用将来进行时这种表示对一定会发生的事情推测的时态。要么是“Perhaps, I would be studying in UK next year.”要么是“For sure, I'll be studying in UK next year. ”。
这道题的过去进行时使用错误,前面并没有明显的表示过去的时间状语,这个时态蹦出来就莫名其妙了。过去进行时只能用来描述过去发生的场景,如果你说When I was young, 再接这个句子就对了。
现在完成时表示这件事已经做完了,那么你现在就应该不在学校住了。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别就在此,后者表示动作还在持续。比如英语中会常问,你学英语学了几年了?回答:
I've been studying English for more than 10 years. (学了十几年还在学)
I've studied English for more than 10 years. (可能是1998年到2009年在学,之后就没学了)
02 1)Yeah, snack is my poison. Every time when I get out of the underground station and smell something savory or pot. I am frozen in my steps. When I was young, my mother also said, “Don't eat that. It's dirty.” I was always thinking, “There is a person who just lives in my heart and always says go eat it, eat it!” So I easily gave up and started to lick my fingers.
2)I'll be studying in Australia next year.
I'm craving for touring around the world.
写作部分
1 现在进行时
在议论文写作中,常用一般现在时讨论当下的情况,其实现在进行时有时会有更好的效果。因为它强调的是现在正在做的事、当下正持续的现状或我们正在作出的努力。语气比一般现在时要强很多。
有一种特殊的用法,大家可以了解一下,就是用现在进行时用在否定结构中可以表示决心:
I am not waiting any longer. I must sell my kidney and buy an iPhone 7.
我决心不再等了。我必须卖肾买个iPhone 7。
再如:
2015年9月26日 为什么一些国家废物回收量不足?如何鼓励回收?
鉴于在污染上治理上的庞大开支,很多政府正停止等待、开始鼓励使用可回收材料,比如在英国的废弃物填埋税。
In view of the heavy expenditures on pollution control, many governments are not waiting any longer and start to encourage the use of recyclable materials, such as the landfill tax in UK.
这里又涉及一个论述材料的问题,建议大家写作文的时候多用现实生活的和西方的材料:比如新闻时事、历史典故,而不是用一些华丽的大词堆砌,前者能够让论述更有说服力并容易引起共鸣。比如上面例子里的landfill tax,是英、美、澳等国最先出现的环保税的一种,埋不可回收的废物时就得多付钱,从而抬高不可回收材料的使用成本、逼着大家使用可回收材料。记住这个例子的语法和内容,环保类题目可以借用。
那么句式的骨架就可以总结为:
In view of 某种情况, 相关人士/政府 are not waiting any longer and start to 采取某种措施, such as 举例.
再举个例子:
2016年4月2日 多元文化给国家带来的好处多于坏处吗?
In view of the severe shortage of technical laborers, many industrial nations are not waiting any longer and are starting to apply more positive multicultural policies to encourage population inflow, such as a lower immigration threshold in America.
鉴于严重的技术人才短缺,很多工业化国家正停止等待、开始实施更加积极的多元文化政策去吸引人口流入,比如美国降低的移民门槛。
我们还可以以列表的方式提供更多选项:
在图表作文中(特别是线形图),现在进行时有一种特殊的用法:对于go,comes,fly,move,stay,return这些词,现在进行时与其一起使用可以表示将来,比如:
数据将于2020年回归180吨。
The number is returning to 180 tonnes in 2020.
2 过去进行时
过去进行时比较少见,是描述过去某一时刻正在发生的事情的。
比如在George Orwell的动物庄园(Animal Farm)的第一段就有:
Mr. Jones kicked off his boots … and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring.
在一般的议论文题目中使用起来很困难,但是在小作文的线性图中却可以用来描述两条线交叉,比如下图:
我们模仿上面动物庄园里的那句话:
A started to decline in 2004 and crossed with B at 1 million in 2007 where the latter was climbing.
这句话我们在写交叉点的时候可以拿来用,它的骨架就可以简化为:
A线 started to 某种变化 in 时间 and crossed with B线 at 交叉点数据 in 交叉点时间 where the latter was Ving 某种变化.
对照这个骨架和上一句的示例,记住它,并在考场上使用。
练习
01 改错:写作挑错
看看下面的句子,挑挑毛病吧。
1) 2016年4月16日 新城镇建公园和体育设施比建购物中心重要吗?
City planners are recognizing that leisure facilities have the same important ance as material supply and must be built proportionally.
城镇规划者们正逐渐认识到,休闲设施和物资供给对保证生活质量同等重要,必须按比例修建。
2)2016年3月19日 医疗保健应该免费还是人们该自己付医疗保健费用?
When people will be faced with huge medical bills, they could recognize the importance of free public healthcare.
什么时候人们将要面对巨额医疗账单了,他们才能认识到免费公立医疗的重要性。
02 大闯关:写作闯关
试着针对下面的题目翻译句子。
2016年3月31日 为什么孩子们花更多时间在电脑游戏上、更少时间在运动上?它是积极的还是消极的?
鉴于长时间静坐对健康的坏处,很多家长现在不再等待教育部门的指导性建议,开始限制他们的孩子花在屏幕前的时间。
参考答案
01 1)表示情感、认知、愿望的动词不能用现在进行时,这些词例如:hate、know、mind、recognize、think、want、wish、understand等,应该用一般现在时表示。
City planners recognize that leisure facilities are as important material supply and must be built proportionally.
2)不能算错,读起来有点别扭。在时间、条件状语从句中,有时习惯用进行时代替一般现在时。
When (people are可省略) facing with huge medical bills, they could recognize the importance of free public healthcare.
02 In view of the negative effects of sedentariness on health, many parents are not waiting for the guidance from education sectors and start to limit the time their children spent in front of screens.