2．辅音及混淆辅音辨别

英语共有28个辅音音标，分别是：

■ 英语辅音音标发音方法如下：

[p] 发音方法：发音时双唇紧闭，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。[p]是清辅音，声带不振动。

练习：pen, pencil, pictures, people, pick, pike

paper, piece, presents, play, plastic, plate, map

cup, slipper, passport, stamp, paint

[b] 发音方法：发音时双唇紧闭，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。[b]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：but, blue, back, bear, job, boring, bath, book

black, birthday, born, rubber, beautiful

beat, club, box, bracelet, bit, bill, bead

[t] 发音方法：发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。[t]是清辅音，声带不振动。

练习：tall, turn, teacher, teenager, tell, time, ten, light

taxi, team, toys, turn, tear, hotel, substitute, teach

restaurant, best, bet, meter, beat, bright, short, term

[d] 发音方法：发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。[d]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：did, dive, card, middle, seed, decide, ride, study, dig

wind, food, friend, dinner, door, doll

nobody, date, send, cold, damage, dot

[k] 发音方法：发音时舌后部隆起紧贴上腭，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。[k]是清辅音，声带不振动。

练习：kiss, kid, cook, key, can, junk, cad, kit

cow, kite, duck, think, fuck, cook, kind, conduct

look, knock, broken, bike, comic, kitchen, uncle

[ɡ] 发音方法：发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。[ɡ] 是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：glass, bag, gold, dig, good, guess, garden

great, jog, gas, get, girl, again, begin, dog, guitar

together, big, golf, game, great, gallery, gift

[f] 发音方法：发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音。[f]是清辅音，声带不振动。

练习：feel, coffee, cuff, golf, fast, funny

first, feel, front, family, form

cheerful, finger, if, different, film, farm

[v] 发音方法：发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音。[f]是清辅音，声带不振动；[v]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：vest, vote, view, leave, very

vary, live, victory, knives, vote, village

believe, valley, various, visit, convince

five, moved, travel, love, live, involve

[s] 发音方法：发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音。[s]是清辅音，声带不振动。

练习：surf, sit, sea, soon, swim, silly, sink

skiing, star, skin, sense, sleep, serious, outside, sound, skating

sport, exciting, six, sweet, seen, stick

[z] 发音方法：发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音。[z]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：zip, buzz, prize, lazy, zoo

busy, noisy, museum, leaves

pizzle, zero, hazy

[θ] 发音方法：发音时舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音。[θ]是清辅音，声带不振动。

练习：think, through, mouth, path, author, thin

three, thank, bath, thought, throw, three

thousand, thirsty, math, thick, thirty

[ð] 发音方法：发音时舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音。[ð]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：they, there, those, this, clothing

leather, these, those, rather, though, neither

weather, whether, another, either

[ʃ] 发音方法：双唇圆形，稍微突出，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动。

练习：shoe, shell, shave, shine, sheet, wash

shrink, sure, shirt, should, short, hush

special, push, machine, shore, shame

[ʒ] 发音方法：双唇圆形，稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，但声带需振动。

练习：measure, invasion, pleasure

television, decision, casual

explosion, division, treasure, rural, leisure

[tʃ] 发音方法：发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。[tʃ]是清辅音，声带不振动。

练习：cheap, chocolate, chip, catch, choose, choice

cheese, watch, choke, chic, chin, choker, kitchen

teacher, question, which, much, chicken

[dʒ] 发音方法：发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。 [dʒ]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：jeep, joking, age, job, agency, Japanese

manager, enjoy, change, suggest, subject

college, major, challenge, engine, charge

[tr] 发音方法：发音时舌身与[r]相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的[t]后立即发[r]。[tr]是清辅音，声带不振动。

练习：track, electricity, train, attractive, tree

traditional, trick, treat, trouble, extreme

destroy, training, trip, street, string

[dr] 发音方法：发音时舌身与[r]相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发[r]。[dr]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：address, dream, drama, drag

drop, draft, draw, dry, drive

drug, hydrogen, distress, drown

[ts] 发音方法：舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔。[ts]是清辅音，声带不振动。[dz]是浊辅音。

练习：cats, pets, hats, seats, boots, boats, let's

shorts, gifts, outlets, hurts, kits, plates

fruits, robots, students, hearts, cents, shirts

[dz] 发音方法：舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔。[dz]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：reads, heads, beds, cards, foods

prides, sends, hides, bends

expands, hands, birds, woods

[m] 发音方法：双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。

练习：machine, mad, month, milk, magazine, magic

music, magnificent, main, major, limit, mill, meat

male, mean, mid, middle, woman, communicate, prominent

[n] 发音方法：双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻孔里出来，声带振动。

练习：nail, nine, cone, nerd, gun, done, new, nice

noise, neighbor, nice, nation, midnight, spend

nine, convenient, one, neat, nit, not

[ŋ] 发音方法：发音时软腭下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。

练习：thing, string, talking, yelling, happening

falling, running, wing, interesting, morning, tying

standing, building, helping, sleeping, making, eating

[h] 发音方法：嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不振动。

练习：hand, hello, hunt, behavior, home, howl

host, holiday, holy, handsome, handle, hero, hear

hill, hard, happiness, hide, highly, height, harm

[l] 发音方法：发音时舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前向硬腭抬起，气流从舌的旁边送出。当此音为尾音时，将舌端抵住上齿龈，舌前下陷，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形。[I]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：light, slow, low, love, alarm, asleep, line

listen, hello, lot, late, collect, relax, pill

eleven, tell, class, long, lamp, look

[r] 发音方法：发音时舌尖卷起，靠近上齿龈后部，舌两侧稍收拢，双唇略突出。气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成轻微摩擦。[r]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：wrong, write, grass, read, crowd, right

correct, sorry, bright, fire, rate, ride

hear, tower, poor, large, clear, romantic

[j] 发音方法：发音时舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起，舌位较高，双唇伸展成扁平状。[j]是浊辅音，声带振动。

练习：yes, yellow, yesterday, new, universe

young, yoga, New

York, year, usage

university, unique, future, few, music, use

[w] 发音方法：发音时舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位高。双唇收小并向前突出，声带振动。发音短促，立刻滑向其后的元音。

练习：we, wet, west, wig, highway，

sweater, whale

went, walk, watch, water, wine, where

week, what, why, wonderful, weather, wood

■ 易混淆辅音辨析

[w] & [v]

发音区别：[w]牙齿不碰嘴唇，[v]发音时上牙碰到下唇。

练习：wet, vet, wine, vine, worse, vote

watch, van, very, well, wood, love

[s] & [θ]

发音区别：[s]牙齿闭合,舌头抵住下牙龈；[θ]舌尖置于上下牙齿之间。

练习：star, three, sleep, thirsty, sound, thought

cluster, thick, sport, thousand, pass, path

[z] & [ð]

发音区别：[z]牙齿闭合,舌头抵住下牙龈；[ð]舌尖置于上下牙齿之间。

练习：zoo, they, zip, thigh, buzz, clothe

zip, this, eyes, there, blizzard, breathe

[l] & [r]

发音区别：[l]舌尖紧贴上齿龈，舌前向硬腭抬起，气流从舌的旁边出；[r]舌尖卷起，靠近上齿龈后部。

练习：load, road, low, rose, letter, ret

light, rite, line, ring, lot, rot, litter, risen

[n] & [ŋ]

发音区别：[ŋ]发音时舌头位置比[n]靠后。

练习：sin, sing, thin, thing, ran, rang

pan, pang, distinguish, ten, English

[s] & [ʃ]

发音区别：[s]不卷舌；[ʃ]发音卷舌。

练习：sea, she, same, shame, sell, shell

sail, shave, surf, shirt, sat, shed