考点5:词组与固定搭配
历年真题
1.(2013年第3题)Computers ________5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.
A.pay for
B.stand for
C.provide for
D.account for
【答案】D
【解析】计算机占用了该国5%的商业用电消耗。固定搭配题目。四个选项的意思分别是:pay for付钱,因……付出代价;stand for代表,主张,拥护;provide for为……做准备,供养;account for占,总计达。根据句子意思推出正确答案是D。
2.(2013年第7题)No ready technical data available, we managed to ________them.
A.go without
B.go off
C.go up
D.go down
【答案】A
【解析】目前没有可用的技术数据,我们努力在缺少数据情况下继续。固定搭配题目。四个选项的意思分别是:go without没有……也能对付过去;go off离开,变质;go up上升,增长;go down下降,传下去。根据句子意思推出正确答案是A。
3.(2013年第9题) ________is known to all, good friends add happiness and value to each other's life.
A.As
B.Since
C.Like
D.Though
【答案】A
【解析】众所周知,益友为彼此的生活增添了幸福和价值。固定说法。As is known to all表示“众所周知”。因此,正确答案是A。
4.(2012年第6题)I realized I had let myself in something from which there was no turning ________.
A.back
B.around
C.away
D.down
【答案】C
【解析】句子大意为:我意识到我已经让自己陷入了一种无法逃离的境地。四个选项为:turn back“往回走,阻挡,翻回到”; turn around“转身,好转,回转”; turn away“避开,解雇,不准……入内,走开,转过脸”; turn down“减小,关小,调低”。根据句意,C为正确答案。
5. (2011年第7题)Every manager needs a secretary that he can ________to take care of something that may occur in his absence.
A.bring on
B.hold on
C.focus on
D.count on
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词词组辨析。A项bring on“引起,导致”; B项hold on“坚持,保持”; C项focus on“关注”; D项count on“指望,依靠”。所以正确答案为D项。
6. (2010年第6题)It is possible for a person to ________negative attitudes and gain healthy confidence needed to realize his or her dreams.
A.get rid of
B.get away with
C.get out of
D.get along with
【答案】A
【解析】四个选项的意思分别是:get rid of摆脱,除去;get away with侥幸做成某事;get out of逃避,改掉;get along with融洽相处。句意是:……摆脱消极的态度,拾起健康的自信……。根据句子意思推出正确答案是A选项,如take measures to get rid of poverty(采取措施消除贫困)。
7. (2010年第9题)I cannot ________your plan, for I see no money return for the pursuit.
A.approve of
B.argue with
C.turn down
D.give up
【答案】A
【解析】四个选项的意思分别是:approve of赞成,认可;argue with争论;turn down拒绝;give up放弃。句意是:我不能同意你的计划,因为我看不到任何资金回报。根据句子意思推出正确答案是A选项。如:Her father will never approve of her marriage to Tom.(她父亲绝不会赞成她同汤姆结婚。)
8. (2009年第7题)This video may be freely reproduced ________commercial promotion or sale.
A.except for
B.as for
C.thanks to
D.up to
【答案】A
【解析】四个选项的意思分别是:except for除……外,除了;as for关于,至于;thanks to由于,多亏;up to多达,取决于。句意是:除了商业促销和销售用途外,该录像可以免费复制使用。根据句子意思推出正确答案是A选项。如:I can answer all the questions except for the last.(所有的题我都会答,除了最后一题不会之外。)
9. (2008年第3题)It was ________me to interpret the thoughts swimming behind his eyes.
A.below
B.beyond
C.past
D.above
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配beyond sb.意为“为某人所不能”。故正确答案为B。
10. (2008年第5题)I wouldn't recommend you go mountain-climbing at this time of year because it is ________.
A.much too hot
B.too much hot
C.too much heat
D.very much heat
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查修饰词的词序问题。由题意知,本题中修饰的中心词为hot,它由too来修饰,而much是副词,用来修饰too,所以正确的词序为much too hot。故正确答案为A。
11. (2008年第6题)He has no alternative but ________to ask his sister for help.
A.to go
B.go
C.going
D.goes
【答案】A
【解析】have no alternative but to do sth.与have no choice but to do sth.同为“别无他法,只能……”的意思,用法相同,属固定搭配。故正确答案为A。
12. (2008年第8题)He was ________knowing everything about the courses he was to take at the university.
A.lost in
B.attentive to
C.clear of
D.keen on
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查词组的意思。be keen on意为“热衷于……”,符合题意。lost in意为“迷失”, attentive to意为“留意,留心”, clear of意为“清除了……的”,均不符合题意。故正确答案为D。
13. (2008年第9题)I'd rather ________a room that is smaller but more comfortable.
A.have
B.had
C.having
D.to have
【答案】A
【解析】would rather+do sth.属固定用法,故正确答案为A。
14. (2007年第1题)Living things can sense and ________changes in their surroundings.
A.decide on
B.make up
C.lead to
D.respond to
【答案】D
【解析】A项decide on的意思是“决定;选定”, B项make up的意思是“弥补,虚构,缝制”, C项lead to的意思是“导致,通向”, D项respond to的意思是“响应,作出反应”。根据题意可知,D项为正确答案。
15. (2007年第6题) ________the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.
A.In case of
B.But for
C.As of
D.In spite of
【答案】B
【解析】A项In case of的意思是“假设,万一”, B项But for的意思是“要不是”, C项As of的意思是“自从;自……起”, D项In spite of的意思是“不管”。根据题意可知,B项为正确答案。
16. (2006年第3题)Changes in climate ________slowly through the years.
A.make progress
B.take place
C.keep pace
D.set sail
【答案】B
【解析】与“变化”对应的动词是“发生”,因此与“changes in climate(气候的变化)”对应的动作应为“take place(发生)”。A、C、D项分别指“进步”、“跟上”、“起航”。
17. (2005年第1题)To speed ________you entry, please bring your Admission Card with you.
A.up
B.on
C.out
D.down
【答案】A
【解析】从句意上分析,speed up“加速”符合题意。因此,答案为A。
18. (2005年第6题)Every year, thousands of college students apply for the CCTV Cup English Speech ________.
A.Argument
B.Quarrel
C.Debate
D.Contest
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查固定搭配。speech“演说,讲话”,与contest搭配意为“演讲比赛”。
19. (2005年第8题)The newly released movie was ________as to arouse so much sensation among the young people.
A.so
B.such
C.much
D.very
【答案】B
【解析】本题要注意区别so as to与such as to的不同。so as to(使得,以致)引导目的状语;而such as to可作表语,符合句子结构要求。因此,答案为B。
20. (2005年第9题)Today's popular clothing chains ________teenagers, who can be counted upon to change their tastes every 30 days.
A.resort to
B.attend to
C.appeal to
D.apply to
【答案】C
【解析】resort to“采取,诉诸”; attend to“专心,照顾”; appeal to“有吸引力,呼吁”; apply to“应用于”。从句意上分析,C项符合要求,为正确答案。
21. (2004年第6题)John Smith, being a diligent student, never refuses to ________more responsibilities that are assigned to him.
A.take on
B.take in
C.take off
D.take up
【答案】A
【解析】take on:披上,呈现,具有,雇用,承担,盛气凌人,接纳,流行。take in:接受,接待,吸收,理解,包括,轻信,注意到,欺骗。take off:拿掉,取消,脱衣,起飞,减弱,离开。take up:拿起,开始从事,继续,吸收;take on responsibilities:承担责任。答案为A。
22. (2004年第7题)Effective prevention against physical harms has never been ________urgently needed especially in schools.
A.such
B.as
C.more
D.quite
【答案】C
【解析】本句的意思是:尤其是在学校,需要采取紧急措施来预防学生身体上受到伤害。这里的never been more…与can not be too的意思相似,都是“再……也不过分”的意思。答案为C。
23. (2004年第10题)Becoming aware of our mother's age, not just in numbers of years but ________her psychological and physical state, often helps us to understand her better.
A.in spite of
B.in terms of
C.on account of
D.by means of
【答案】B
【解析】in spite of:尽管。in terms of:依……,据……;从……方面;从……角度来讲;换算,折合;以……为单位;关于,在……方面,就……来说。on account of:由于。by means of:依靠。本句的意思是:知道母亲的岁数,不仅仅是年岁大小而且包括心理和身体状态,通常能帮助我们更好地理解母亲。答案为B。
24. (2003年第2题)Shortage of capital is the main factor that ________economic development.
A.holds out
B.holds on to
C.holds back
D.holds on
【答案】C
【解析】hold out:坚持;继续。如:Will the car hold out till we reach London?这车能坚持到我们抵达伦敦吗?hold on to:抓住不放。hold back:v.踌躇,阻止,抑制,隐瞒。hold on:坚持。根据题意,答案为C。资金短缺是阻碍经济发展的主要因素。
25. (2003年第3题)The captain of the ship ________the passengers that there was no danger.
A.assured
B.ensured
C.secured
D.insured
【答案】A
【解析】assure sb.that:保证,使某人确信。ensure:vt.保证,担保,使安全,保证得到。ensure that:使确信。secure:adj.安全的,可靠的,放心的,无虑的v.保护。insure:vt.给……保险v.确保。根据题意,答案为A。
基本知识点清单
在英语中词组与固定搭配也是一个重要问题,一个名词有什么形容词能和它一起用,一个动词能用什么名词作它的宾语,这都是搭配问题。英语中存在习惯用法的问题,以gorgeous为例,可以说:
a gorgeous dress华丽的衣服
peacock's gorgeous tail美丽的孔雀尾
gorgeous scenery美丽的风景
a gorgeous girl漂亮的姑娘
a gorgeous room豪华的房间
又如brilliant这个字,可有以下搭配:
brilliant sunlight明亮的阳光
brilliant light耀眼的灯光
brilliant colors鲜艳的颜色
brilliant jewels闪亮的珠宝
a brilliant blouse颜色艳丽的女衬衣
brilliant plumage艳丽的羽毛
a brilliant future光明的前途
brilliant victories辉煌的胜利
a gorgeous cake可口的蛋糕
a gorgeous sunset艳丽的落日
a gorgeous dinner盛宴
gorgeous weather好天气
a gorgeous time愉快的时光
brilliant thoughts光辉的思想
a brilliant man聪慧的人
a brilliant idea聪明的想法
a brilliant mind杰出的头脑
a brilliant pianist杰出的钢琴家
a brilliant scientist卓越的科学家
a brilliant success辉煌的成就
a brilliant novel精彩的小说
尽管近年来这类考题单独出现的几率减小,但它已经混入动词、名词、形容词、副词辨义中综合考查。所以通过总结历年试题,可以加快学习的进程。
动词与介词的固定搭配:
(1)about
argue about争论
complain about抱怨,投诉
(2)against
hold sth.against sb.把某事归罪于某人
offend against违反
protect against保护……免受……
(3)at
preside at主持(会议)等
(4)by
abide by遵守
benefit by得益于
judge by根据……判断
(5)for
account for占;说明,解释
act for代表
allow for考虑到
answer for负责,保证
apply for申请
blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人
change for换取
enroll for登记参加
enter for报名/参加(考试等)
exchange for交换
reach for伸手去取
subscribe for认购,预定
trade for用……交换……
substitute A for B用A代替B
supply sth.for sb.为某人提供……
(6)from
abstain from戒绝,避免
benefit from得益于
differ from与……不同
dissuade from劝阻
distinguish from与……区别
eliminate from排除,淘汰
graduate from毕业于
hinder from阻止
judge from根据……判断
learn from向……学习
name from以……命名
prevent from阻止
preserve from防止
prohibit from禁止
resign from辞职
result from由于
suffer from患病,受……的痛苦
(7)in
abound in富有
consist in在于
check in登记住宿
engage in忙于,从事
lie in在于
major in主修,主攻
originate in起源于
plug in插入插头
participate in参与,参加
specialize in专门研究
stop in被迫留下
(8)of
accuse sb.of指责
approve of赞成
assure sb.of使放心
complain of抱怨
consist of由……组成
conceive of想象,考虑
die of因……而死
deprive sb.of剥夺
dispose of处理,安排
expect sb.of指望某人……
inform sb.of通知
remind sb.of提醒
rob sb.of抢劫
speak of讲起
(9)on
act on实行,起作用
agree on同意
count on指望
force on强加给
impose on强加于
impress on留下印象
let on泄露,假装
pride oneself on以……自豪
rely on依靠
settle on授予
(10)over
do over重复
leave over留待以后做
preside over主持会议
prevail over胜过
(11)to
adapt to适应
adhere to坚持
admit to承认
attend to专心,留意
belong to属于
complain to向……抱怨
confine to限制
confess to承认
contribute to促进,有助于
correspond to相当,相应
devote to奉献给
entitle sb.to sth.使某人有权得到……
occur to想到
obj ect to反对
prefer to更喜欢
refer to参考,提及,查阅
resort to诉诸,求助于
revert to回复
stick to坚持
submit to服从,提交
subscribe to捐献,订阅报刊
(12)with
associate with联合,联系
charge with指控
concern with参与,与……有关
confuse with混淆
comply with遵守
deal with处理,应付
identify with与……相同
interfere with干涉
plead with恳求
substitute with用……代替
reason with讲道理