第一节 新老观点型
（1）判断标志：第一部分出现老观点，即过去的、传统的、大众的观点
（2）行文模式：老观点——反对老观点——新观点（有时不出现）——论述新观点
（3）TS位置：第一段中间或第二段句首，前面出现强转折和强对比词汇
下面举例进行说明：
例如：
第二段开头However说明第二段是反对第一段的观点，由most historians可知第一段的观点都是老观点。第二段第二句话用for example来举例论证新观点。文章的行文模式是老观点——反对老观点——论述新观点。根据主题句的位置和特征，可以知道第二段首句是这篇文章的主题句。
这篇文章重点阅读的文字应是反对老观点的内容和后面的详细论述。
如果考生能理解文章的套路，在应试时就可以分清重点，跳读一些文字，阅读有效内容，预测考点，并知晓考试考查的角度。
阅读心得
第二节 结论解释型
（1）判断标志：总分结构
（2）行文模式：结论——解释结论——评价
（3）TS位置：第一段的段首句或段尾句
下面举例进行说明：
例如：
文章第一段结尾处提出结论，陆地蛇为了适应陆地生活必须有调节（adaptations）。第二段来论证陆地蛇是有调节的。第三段论证调节具体是什么。文章的第一段尾句和第二段、第三段构成了总分结构，所以文章的主题句就是第一段的尾句。
阅读心得
第三节 现象解释型
（1）判断标志：第一部分提出自然现象或社会现象
（2）行文模式：现象——解释——评价解释
（3）TS特点：主题句不明确，注意正评价句子
下面举例进行说明：
例如：
从上面的文章分析来看，第一段开头提出灭绝动物的牙齿断裂频率比现今动物的牙齿断裂频率高这个现象。第二段作者对现象提出了4种解释，并分别进行评价。
考生在备考和应试时，了解现象解释型套路后，可以知道不会考查现象，进行浏览性阅读即可，重点阅读现象的解释和评价。
阅读心得
第四节 问题解决型
（1）判断标志：第一部分出现问题，设问句，或problem一词
（2）行文模式：问题——解决方案——评价方案
（3）TS特点：主题句不明确，重点关注正负评价
下面举例进行说明：
例如：
文章第一段开头提出宇宙会无限扩张，还是会停止运转这样的问题。针对这个问题，给出了问题的答案，即达到每立方米三个氢原子时，宇宙会停止扩张。
第二段和第三段对上述解决方案进行评价和进一步解释。
了解问题解决型文章的套路后，在备考和应试时，对问题部分可以简单浏览，重点阅读的文字是问题的解决方案和对方案的评价。
总结：
为了帮助考生能够更好地了解文章套路，笔者将结论解释型、现象解释型和问题解决型统一划分为解释型文章，若考查这类文章，那么其主要目的就是解释。每一类文章的目的可以参考下面的图表：
在了解文章的写作目的后，可以快速地解决文章主旨题。下面举例加以详细说明。
例如：
Scientists long believed that two nerve clusters in the human hypothalamus, called suprachiasmatic nuclei （SCNs）, were what controlled our circadian rhythms. Those rhythms are the biological cycles that recur approximately every 24 hours in synchronization with the cycle of sunlight and darkness caused by Earth's rotation. Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure, body temperature, activity level, and alertness, as well as the nighttime release of the sleep- promoting agent melatonin. Furthermore, cells in the human retina dedicated to transmitting information about light levels to the SCNs have recently been discovered.
Four critical genes governing circadian cycles have been found to be active in every tissue, however, not just the SCNs, of flies, mice, and humans. In addition, when laboratory rats that usually ate at will were fed only once a day, peak activity of a clock gene in their livers shifted by 12 hours, whereas the same clock gene in the SCNs remained synchronized with light cycles. While scientists do not dispute the role of the SCNs in controlling core functions such as the regulation of body temperature and blood pressure, scientists now believe that circadian clocks in other organs and tissues may respond to external cues other than light—including temperature changes—that recur regularly every 24 hours.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
（A） challenge recent findings that appear to contradict earlier finding
（B） present two sides of an ongoing scientific debate
（C） report answers to several questions that have long puzzled researchers
（D） discuss evidence that has caused a long-standing belief to be revised
（E） attempt to explain a commonly misunderstood biological phenomenon
例如：
A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-day carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species.
In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion within the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and presentday carnivores—in particular, more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species. Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
（A） present several explanations for a well-known fact
（B） suggest alternative methods for resolving a debate
（C） argue in favor of a controversial theory
（D） question the methodology used in a study
（E） discuss the implications of a research finding
文章第一段谈到了一种现象，第二段解释了这种现象的原因，所以这篇文章属于解释型文章，其主要目的是解释一个事物的原因。本题答案选（E），implications是第二段解释的内容，a research fnding是第一段的现象。（A）选项中的well-known错误。
总结：文章套路对于考生掌握文章行文模式、主题句、作者态度和定位有很大的帮助，考生只有在备考时大量练习，才可以将这些套路分析的方法内化成为一种阅读习惯，在考试中应用时才能更加得心应手。