第二章 生态工业

摘 要

本章主要对西部大开发十多年来西部地区工业发展的总体状况进行分析。首先将西部地区的工业发展划分为三个时期，即奠定基础时期、巩固调整时期、快速发展时期，并阐述了各个时期发展生态工业的思路与理念。在思路理念分析的基础上，从工业化道路、核心竞争力、产业转移、生态工业示范园区、循环经济与清洁生产五个方面总结了西部工业发展具体的做法与举措，从工业规模、工业结构、资源利用水平、节能减排四个方面总结了西部地区工业发展的成就，指出西部地区的工业发展已逐步开始向生态工业转型，进而归纳了取得这些成就的发展经验。但是西部地区生态工业发展过程中在观念、技术与制度等方面还存在一些问题，本章解释了存在这些问题的根源。

根据党的十八大报告提出的“着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展，形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式”的总体要求和西部大开发“十二五”规划中提出的“西部地区经济保持又好又快发展、生态环境持续改善、产业结构不断优化”的发展目标，分析了未来西部地区生态工业发展的趋势，认为西部地区的工业发展要进一步向强调人与自然和谐的生态工业转型，需要用生态观念引领工业发展，用生态技术支撑工业发展，用生态制度激励工业发展，用生态园区促进工业发展，用生态指标规范工业发展。

Abstract

This chapter analyzes the overall situation of the industrial development in the western region during the period of Western Development. First, the article divides the industrial development of the western region into three periods: foundation period, consolidation and adjustment period,and rapid development period. At the same time, we summarize ideas and concepts of the various periods. Based on the summary, we describe the specific practices in western industrial development in aspect of industrialization road, core competencies, industrial transfer, eco-industrial demonstration park, circular economy and cleaner production. We attribute the western industrial achievements to the scale, the structure, the level of resource utilization and energy conservation,highlighting that the region's industrial development begins to upgrade to the form of eco-industry. We also find out the experience of the good transformation. However, the industrial development in the western region is not easy. There are still many problems in ideas, technology and policies.

In response to report of the 18th CPC National Congress and the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” of the western region, which aims to maintain sound and rapid economic development, improve ecological environment, optimize the industrial structure, the industrial development of western region needs to be further optimized and improved, emphasizing the ecological harmony between man and nature. In order to achieve these goals, we need to lead the industry upgrade with the development of ecological concepts, eco-technology, ecological polices, ecological park and ecological indicators. At last, this chapter also analyzes the future trend of eco-industry of the western region.

推进西部地区工业化进程是未来相当长一段时期内保持我国国民经济快速增长的重要途径之一，不仅能有效地提高人们的生活水平、改变人们的生活方式，而且还能促进欠发达地区的发展，使西部地区的潜在资源优势转变为经济优势，促进区域经济协调发展。然而，西部工业经济在快速发展的同时，也日益显现出了产业结构不合理、产业的低效益和低级化、自然资源消耗过度等问题。要综合解决好西部地区发展中面临的资源浪费和环境污染等问题，出路就是走生态工业化道路，工业发展要向生态工业转变。