第2小时 语感培养与润色

1．语法精讲

（1）观点看法

在雅思口语考试中，考官会就你自己的看法或你经历过的事情提出问题。因此，你需要给出你的观点。比如：

What's your opinion about educational system in China?

What do you think about the importance of sports classes for high school students?

中国考生们在表达个人观点时还往往只局限于使用I think, in my opinion等。但其实这些说法在外国考官眼里看来已经是“cliché”（陈词滥调）了，使用它们通常不容易得到高分。那么我们来学习一下表述个人观点的高分表达方式以及相关用法：

guess 可能很多考生对I think这个词组的意义并不是非常清楚，其实它更多的是表达一种不确定性，表示不够肯定的个人观点。从这个层面来讲， guess这个单词与think的用法几乎是一样的，这个词主要用在I guess，或I am guessing这两种形式中。

【原创范例】 谈论想法

I guess we don't need to be here anymore.

【原创范例】 谈论计划

I am guessing maybe there is a slight change of plan.

reckon 翻译成中文是“估计”的意思，而在口语当中，它与think, suppose的意思类似。

【原创范例】 谈论电影

This movie is a total bust,you reckon?

【原创范例】 谈论政府

The government reckons that it may take years to completely stamp out corruption.

figure 作动词时，表示“因……得出”。同义词有judge, conclude等。

【原创范例】 谈论工作

I figure this might not be the best way to do it.

【原创范例】 谈论考试

After three failed attempts,I figure the best way to pass the IELTS test is to practice.

consider 作动词时，表示“考虑，认为”。它的形容词considerate表示“为别人考虑的”。

【原创范例】 谈论考试

Remaining calm and cool throughout the test is considered important.

【原创范例】 谈论规则

The public consider smoking a bad habit.

suspect 表示“怀疑”，在口语中的应用频率也是非常高的。它的形容词形式是suspicious。

【原创范例】 谈论家庭

She suspects her husband is having an affair for she found a lipstick in the pocket of his jacket.

【原创范例】 谈论事情

They are suspicious of the intent of his generous offering.

deem 意思为“认为”，与think类似，可以用作较正式的书面用语。

【原创范例】 谈论男女关系

She would set you up with some guy she deemed not good enough to go out with herself.

【原创范例】 谈论考试

This movie is deemed totally inappropriate for teenagers.

assume 意思为“假设，假定”。这个词与suppose用法相似。

【原创范例】 谈论爱情

Let's assume you are in love with him.

【原创范例】 谈论考试

When the examiner marks your paper,he/she assumes your English is already perfect.

perspective 意思相当于view，表示“观点”的意思，同义词有viewpoint等。

【原创范例】 谈论老人

From my perspective,the welfare of the elderly people should be fully covered by the government.

【原创范例】 谈论考试

From the perspective of students,this examination is way too difficult for them.

judge 意思为“判断”。这个词在英语口语中更多的是表示“没有理由、没有根据地断言”，通常带有贬义。

【原创范例】 谈论时尚

Don't judge me.I like the way I dress.

【原创范例】 谈论语言学习

Candidates will be judged based on their English proficiency.

speculate 意思为“猜测，推测”，名词形式是speculation，同义词有wonder。

【原创范例】 谈论经济

A lot of speculations are going on regarding when the economic crisis will be over.

【原创范例】 谈论考试

The students are speculating if the examination is going to be postponed.

believe 本义为“相信”。它跟think的区别就是believe的语气要比think更加的强烈，换句话说就是更加肯定。

【原创范例】 谈论考试

I believe if you go all out,you will stand a good chance of passing the examination.

【原创范例】 谈论工作

There is a good reason to believe it will be increasingly harder for university graduates to find a decent job.

（2）细节拓展 ——上下义词

雅思口语从Part1到Part3都是由一个个的小问题组成的，也就是说每个问题的回答质量都直接影响着我们的分数。而一些初识雅思的学生在口语上遇到的最大障碍之一就是没话说，每个问题的答案都只有寥寥几个词。比如：

Q: “Are you working or studying? ”

A: “I am working now.”

Q: “How do you spend your weekends? ”

A: “I spend my weekends reading and watching TV.”

Q: “Do you read a lot in your spare time? ”

A: “Yes, I read a lot in my spare time.”

以上的回答是不是听起来过于简短呢？因此，为了避免这样的情况，我们在日常生活中可以有意识地去积累一些思路拓展的方式，例如通过构思丰富的内容来加长自己回答的篇幅，又或是灵活运用各种句型和连接词，使得每段内容在逻辑上连接起来。

雅思口语考试的时间实际上非常短，大约在12-15分钟。为了展示词汇量和流利程度，我们需要尽可能给出精准的回答，也就是对观点做出细节的补充。

在绝大多数的句子中，我们都会用到名词。而名词其实是有非常多的“文章”可做的。我们在考试中可以通过列举中心名词的上下义词来达到拓长回答的目的。所谓上义词就是一个大类别，而下义词则是其中的小类。比如vegetable是lettuce, radish和cabbage等词的上义词。一般我们可以对答案中所涉及的名词做相应的下义词拓展。所有类型的考题都可以以这种方式处理。我们可能用到的结构有：

【真题回放】 Do you read a lot in your spare time?

【原创范例】 Yes,I read a wide variety of books,such as novels,comic books and non-fictional books.

通常Yes/No的问题中都隐含着多个问题。永远都不要只回答“是”或“不是”。比如在这里其中隐含的问题就是What books do you read？或者说What kind of books do you read？

【真题回放】 Do you like taking photos?

【原创范例】 Yes,I take photos to record special events like weddings,festival celebration and birthdays.

对于这种Yes/No的问题，最常见的一种隐含问法就是Why...，所以别等考官问，我们要及时追加。至于原因的拓展，我们在后面的内容中会详细论述。

【真题回放】 Where do you usually relax?

【原创范例】 I usually relax anywhere quiet,whether at my home,in a café or in a library.

在这里范例对anywhere quiet这个大概念做了拓展，用到了whether...or...的结构。

【真题回放】 Who do you want to celebrate your birthday with?

【原创范例】 I want to celebrate my birthday with lots of people, from my closest friends to my beloved relatives.

对于people这样的大概念，我们可以用from...to..．这个结构来拓长句子。

（3）细节拓展——定语从句

定语从句，指一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后，起到修饰或限定的作用。除了我们提到的用上下义词的结构进行句子拓展，Native Speakers常用【定语从句】这样的语法结构，使句子的意思更加完整、结构更加丰富。

当我们提及一件事物时，后面可用which或that来引出从句。修饰人物，则可用who，谈到时间用when，谈到在某一地点中发生的一件事情可用where，单纯修饰一个地点用that或which。定语从句能对先行词做进一步描述，也就是我们在这里讲到的提供细节性内容。

我们可以通过用从句提升语句的复杂度，从而取得较好的分数。当然每一种方法应用的范围都是非常广泛的，并不局限于某一种题型。我们可以将几种不同的定语从句的形式结合使用来达到更好的效果，在这里给大家详细地梳理一下。

雅思口语考试的大量题目都是wh问题：

Why...

Why did you choose this school?

What is/are...

What is your favourite magazine?

What do(you)do...

What do people do on weekends?

Where...

Where do you usually relax?

When...

When do you usually draw?

Who...

Who is your closest family member?

比如当我们在回答who..．一类问题时一定会涉及人，也就可以非常顺理成章地用who引出定语从句：

【真题回放】Who plants in the gardens in China?

【原创范例】 Planting in the gardens has become one of the most popular activities for those who have enough leisuretime,like the elderly.

大家注意，在这里不仅用到了定语从句，还用到了下义词拓展法：like the elderly。

【真题回放】Who is your closest family member?

【原创范例】 My closest family member is my older sister,to whom I can always get troubles and worries out of my chest.

接下来我们来看一下where..．类问题的回答：

【真题回放】Where can you eat your favourite food?

【原创范例】 At weekends,I usually go to an Indian restaurant,where I can enjoy my favourite Indian food,such as chicken curry and Indian dessert.

【真题回放】Where is your hometown?

【原创范例】 I was born and raised up in Shanghai,a cosmopolitan city,which is located in the east of China.

在这里，除了用which来引导定语从句之外，还给出了同位语。对于名词的拓展，同位语的使用也是一种不错的方法。

when..．类型的回答依然可以应用定语从句：

【真题回放】When did you begin to read newspapers?

【原创范例】 I began to read newspapers about ten years ago when my father subscribed to Xinmin Evening News,which is a daily newspaper in Shanghai.

在这句中一连使用了两个定语从句，说到时间时用when引出了第一个从句，在对Xinmin Evening News做解释说明时引出了第二个从句。可见，方法的使用是非常灵活的。

到这里，相信大家对这种拓展方式已经有了一定的了解。需要强调的是这里列出的考题类型并非只能用一种方法来回答，我们要在答题时灵活使用各种方式来达到提高分数的目的。

2．Part 2高分范文

之前我们学习了在雅思口语考试Part 1中【人物类】话题的答题技巧和思路。接下来我们将通过对口语考试Part 2中【人物类】话题的高分范文的分析，来学习相关的高分表达和逻辑思维。

You should say:

who this person is

what he/she did

how you feel about what he/she did

and explain why you think this person is important to you.

Sample Answer:

I'd like to talk about my grandpa who has a great influence on me. I would say he has posed great influences on me throughout my life.

For a start, he taught me to always keep optimistic towards life. Well, he joined army and fought Japanese army at the age of 15 in the World War II for years. War is cruel. He got several bad cuts and wounds on the left shoulder, left arm and back. I knew this fact when I was a primary school student living with my grandparents during summer vacations. When I asked about the cuts and wounds, my grandpa told lots of interesting stories about them. He was a superb storyteller, depicting the stories in an exciting, dramatic fashion. I definitely got obsessed with those stories, but at that moment I didn't have any clue about how tough the life was for an underage guy to live. But he got over it, and he told me that the only belief he held at that time was his steadfast conviction of a happy life after the war. That's exactly what he always tells his offspring, so whenever I got discouraged by my school work or doubted about life, I recalled my grandpa's words—got over it, and moved on.

Another thing that my grandpa influences me most is his spirit of keeping learning new things and keeping pace with the world. Different from a lot of other elders who get used to a typical retired life, my grandpa made efforts to learn to use smart phones and chat with family members via social network applications. It didn't take him long to get a hang of it and when he did, he got to know a lot more about hot issues than his peers do. If you talk to him, you won't feel like talking to an elder person, but to one of your friends at your age. I think it's totally cool and respec☆ul, because, although he learns things much more slowly than we do, he still keeps trying and never gives up. Apart from that, he wouldn't feel abandoned and excluded by the world just because he knows everything up-to-the-minute happening in the world by using smart phones.

From my grandpa, I learnt the optimistic attitude towards life and the desire to try and learn new things. For a young man, when things get screwed up, or we think life has betrayed us, do we really have to give it up and think we are doomed? Thinking about my grandpa, I know the answer is a definite “NO”.

高分表达：

bad cuts 严重的伤口

depict 描述，描绘

dramatic 戏剧化的，夸张的

picturesque 生动的，图画般的

get obsessed with 着迷，被……所吸引

keep pace with 同……保持同步

social network applications 社交应用

abandoned 被抛弃的

excluded 排除在外的

up-to-the-minute 及时的，最新的

screw up 搞砸了

be doomed 命中注定（失败）

赏析：

话题围绕家人展开，既没有限制家人的性别，也没有限制家人的年龄，还没有限制影响的时间，所以此话题难度偏小。既然题目是“great influence”，那么需要考生讨论一下这个人对自己的积极影响。虽然题目是描述人为主，但是我们可以结合具体事件来证明TA对你的影响。而且还要重点说明TA是如何影响你的。本题的范文描述了作者的爷爷，并运用了两个具体事例分别突出爷爷对自己的两个影响。

Sample Answer:

I want to talk about Miss Wu, a very interesting person who has been my neighbour for almost ten years. After my old neighbour moved out, she moved in with her husband and daughter. It was at that time when I first met her. She came to my home to say hello and gave some cakes to me and my parents. She wore a very big pair of glasses, and her voice sounded like a small kid. Based on my first impression, I guessed she must be a very nice person.

And my guess is right. Miss Wu likes to do volunteering work whenever she is free. She once told me she had been to Tibet and served as a volunteer teacher for nearly one year. As a maths teacher herself, she often helps me to learn maths when I was a high school student. Whenever my parents and I go travelling, she is the one who helps us to take care of our pet dog. Because of her kindness, she has a lot of friends. She sometimes holds parties at her home and invites me there.

The reason why I think she is interesting is that her child-like voice always makes me think she is a little kid. And sometimes her behaviour is also like a child. For example, she likes to play with sands when she is at the seaside. Another interesting thing about Miss Wu is that she is able to speak Russian very fluently. She has been learning this language for about 7 years in order to have a better communication with her Russian husband. They got married in Russia and stayed there for 2 years. Miss Wu sometimes shows me a lot of pictures about her life in Russia, which has inspired my interest in travelling to that country.

高分表达：

move out 搬出

based on 以……为基础

go travelling 去旅行

child-like 孩子般的，天真烂漫的

move in 搬入，迁入

serve as 担任，充当，作为

kindness 友好，善良

seaside 海边

fluently 流利地

赏析：

这道题主要考查对人物的描述。难点在于解释人物的有趣之处。对此，我们可以从人物外貌和性格方面有趣的地方来展开。如说话的声音、平时的穿着以及行为举止可爱。当然，“有趣”绝不仅仅意味着“惹人发笑”，它也有“让人想要了解更多”的意思。因此，我们也可以用人物身上吸引我们的地方来解释其有趣之处。

Sample Answer:

Speaking of a happy couple, the first one that pops up into my mind is my university classmates, Jack and Jane. Actually we were all in the same class for 4 years, but at first, they were not familiar at all; they barely ever talked to each other. But as they got to know each other better after joining the same drama club, they started to fall in love. They got married soon after graduation, which was very rare for college couples, who are highly likely to break up after graduation.

You know I always regard them as the model couple because I think they are leading a very happy life. The reason why I think they are happy is that unlike some other couples who got married for 7 years whose relationship may become stale, they both spare no effort to commit to the relationship to make their marriage work. As a result, their relationship is still fresh as new, spending every second together as if their first date. You see they would celebrate every holiday and anniversary together and try to surprise their spouse by giving some novel gifts or finding a new way to celebrate.

Unlike other couples who may just have a romantic dinner together, what they are more likely to do is to go mountain climbing together or go camping on the beach. They try to experience all aspects of life with the other one present. I think it's a really beautiful thing.

Besides, they respect each other and give each other enough personal space. They seldom push their partner or make them accept what they think is true. Even when occasionally a disagreement arises, they would sit down and discuss it rationally rather than ending up in a quarrel.

So till now, for almost 7 years, whenever I chat with one of them and when they talk about the other one, I never hear them complain about each other and see the smile on their face and in their eyes. It's the genuine smile that makes me believe they are truly happy. I would consider myself the happiest person in life if I were half as happy as they are.

高分表达：

pop up 突然出现

barely 几乎不，极少

regard...as..．将……视作，视为

stale 陈腐的，不新鲜的

spare no effort to 不遗余力

novel 新奇的

rationally 理性地

genuine 真实的，真正的

赏析：

考生在备考的时候需注意，此道口语题的重点在于couple（夫妻），而非家庭。因此考生在谈论此话题的时候，可以提到该夫妻有可爱的baby等，但是千万不要把重心放在描述一家人的相处上。如果加入过多和孩子的互动部分，那么就会偏题为“幸福的家庭”，而非夫妻。此外，考生也需要额外点一下题眼“幸福”。在讲原因时，不能一直用论述性的语言去描述，这样会让回答显得比较空洞。一定要拿生活中的实例去论证，如上述例文中的庆祝方式和聚会时作者观察到的内容。