第三章 论说文（60篇）

2004湖南C

Sometimes，something that is considered to be negative turns out to be an advantage on the job.Though he is only 18 years old and blind，Suleyman Gokyigit is among the top computer technicians and programmers at InteliData Technologies Corp.，a large software company with several offices across the United States.

“After our company united with another one last October，two different computer networks were driving us crazy，”recalls Douglas Braun，the InteliData president.“We couldn’t even send e-mail to each other.”In three weeks Mr.Gokyigit created the software needed to connect the two networks.“None of the company’s350 other employees could have done the job in three months，”says Mr.Braun.“Suleyman can‘see’into the heart of the computer.”Mr.Gokyigit’s gift，as Mr.Braun calls it，is an unusual ability to form an idea of the inside of a machine.

“The computer permits me to reach out into the world and do almost anything I want to do，”says Mr.Gokyigit.

The young programmer is at home with hardware as well，thanks partly to a highly developed sense of touch.Mitzi Nowakowski，an office manager at InteliData，remembers how he easily disconnected and reconnected their computer systems during a move last year.“Through feel，Suleyman can find the position of connectors，pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight，”he says.

Much of the student programmer’s speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer.When typing，he listens carefully to the synthesizer（合成器）.His long，thin fingers fly over the keyboard.“Nothing seems to shake his attention，”says Mrs.Nowakowski，his boss.

Mr.Gokyigit is the only company employee who is available（可找到的）24 hours a day.“We consider him our top problem solver，”says Mr.Braun.

63.According to Mr.Braun，Suleyman____.

A.can work wonders on computer

B.is the best technician in the world

C.has done a hard job in three months

D.has united InteliData Technologies Corp.with another computer company

64.The underlined part“is at home with hardware”（Paragraph 4）means____.

A.is good at dealing with computer hardware

B.is fond of computer hardware

C.works with computer hardware at home

D.feels comfortable when working with computer hardware

65.Suleyman was quick while at the computer mostly because of____.

A.his blindness B.his attention on the synthesizer

C.his long，thin fingers D.his ability not to be interrupted

66.What does the text mainly tell us?

A.Computer technicians are more likely to be gifted.

B.One’s disadvantages may prove to be advantages.

C.The disabled can also play an important role in society.

D.Top computer scientists have unusual abilities to form ideas of computers.

核心词汇及短语

■negative

释义：adj.［数］负的；消极的；否定的；阴性的

例句：When asked for your views about your current job，on no account must you be negative about it.

译文：当被问及你对自己目前工作的看法时，你无论如何都不能持否定态度。

■turn out to be

释义：结果是；原来是；证明是

例句：The lesson of the financial crisis，however，is that even sure things can turn out to be weak.

译文：然而金融危机给出的教训是，即使有把握的事情到后来也可能变得不可靠。

■recall

释义：vt.召回；回想起，记起；取消

例句：Henderson recalled that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.

译文：亨德森记起他是在一次去华盛顿出差的途中第一次与波拉德结识的。

■available

释义：adj.有效的，可得的；有空的；可利用的；空闲的

例句：Since 1978，the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17%.

译文：自1978年以来，可供买书的钱已减少了17%。

难句分析

01 Much of the student programmer's speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer.

【句子主干】Much of the student programmer’s speed comes from his ability

【句法分析】not to be interrupted不定式做后置定语来修饰ability，表明是不受干扰的能力；时间状语从句while at the computer是整个句子的状语，表明是操作电脑时。

【参考译文】当操作电脑时，这位专业程序员的速度主要来自他那不受干扰的能力。

答案解析

63.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用Mr.Braun定位，找到第二段中：In three weeks Mr.Gokyigit created the software needed to connect the two networks.“None of the company’s 350 other employees could have done the job in three months，”says Mr.Braun.题干中的Suleyman就是这里的Gokyigit，别人三个月也完不成的任务他三个星期就搞定了，这个人真的很神奇。故A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B选项，注意best这个极端词，这种极端表述往往是错的，这个表达在文章中也没有来源。C选项错在three months，文章讲的是三个星期完成的这个工作。D选项来源在第二段中：In three weeks Mr.Gokyigit created the software needed to connect the two networks.可知Gokyigit的工作是开发出连接两个公司的网络的软件，而不是直接去连接两个公司。

64.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于词义／句意题

【解析】正确选项分析：下划线的句子出于段落的首句，后面内容是在诠释这个句子。所以读后面的内容是可以推出下划线句子的含义的。后面的内容在讲Gokyigit能迅速拆解和组装电脑硬件，可知A选项正确。还有一种解法，这里看到下划线句子中有as well，那么这句话的意思就是“这个人‘也’怎么样了”，这里应该可以跟前面段落形成并列关系。前面我们读过后应该知道，Gokyigit在电脑软件方面非常厉害，那么划线句子的含义就应该是Gokyigit在电脑硬件方面也很厉害。

错误选项分析：B选项“be fond of（喜欢）”没有来源。C选项是对这个句子字面意思的诠释，排除。这种句子理解题往往有一个选项会是对划线句子字面意思的肤浅理解，比如这里划线句有个home，就直接理解为“家”，这样的选项干扰性不强。D选项feel comfortable没有来源。

65.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：这道题定位到第五段中：Much of the student programmer’s speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer.题干中的quick能对应到此句中的speed，题干中的because能对应此句中的comes from，故D选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题定位准确后可直接选出答案。

66.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：这篇文章为直叙型开篇，文章开门见山就点出了主题：Sometimes，something that is considered to be negative turns out to be an advantage on the job.B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和D选项干扰性不强。不少同学误选C选项，一定注意英语文章重点一般在前面，要着重把握住文章的主旨句。整个文章内容可以认为就是一个例子，例子表明的观点在文章第一句话。如果只读例子，然后进行发散思考的话容易误选C选项，这个选项跟例子结合得也还好，但这不是作者想表达的。

全文翻译

有时候，被认为有负面影响的事物却会成为工作上的一个优势。虽然苏莱曼·格克伊伊特只有18岁并且双目失明，但他却是英特利信息科技公司的顶尖计算机技术员和程序员之一。该公司是一家大型软件公司，在全美有多个办事处。

“去年10月我们公司和另外一家公司合并后，两种不同的计算机网络快把我们逼疯了。”英特利信息公司总裁道格拉斯·布劳恩回忆道。“我们甚至不能互相发邮件。”三周内，格克伊伊特创建了连接这两个网络所需的软件。“我们公司的其他350名职员没有一个人能够在三个月之内完成这项工作，”布劳恩先生说道，“苏莱曼可以‘看’穿计算机的心脏。”格克伊伊特先生的天赋，正如布劳思所说的那样，是一种非凡的能力，他形成了一种从一台机器内部着手的思想。”

“计算机让我可以触及世界，并且几乎可以让我做我想做的任何事请。”格克伊伊特先生说道。

这位年轻的程序员也精通计算机硬件，这多亏了他那高度发达的触感。米特兹·诺瓦科夫斯基，英特利信息公司的一个办事处经理，记得去年搬家期间他是如何轻松地拆开并重新组装他们的计算机系统的。“凭借感觉，苏莱曼能够找到连接器、插销及电线的位置，并且比大多数视觉正常的人都要快很多。”他说道。

当操作电脑时，这位学生程序员的速度主要来自他那不受干扰的能力。当打字时，他仔细听着合成器的声音。他那细长的手指在键盘间飞舞着。“似乎没有什么能够动摇他的注意力。”他的老板诺瓦科夫斯基夫人说道。

格克伊伊特先生是唯一全天24小时随叫随到的公司员工。“我们把他看成我们的顶级问题解决专家。”布劳恩先生说道。

2004全国D

Before a new type of airplane goes into service，every part of it is tested again and again.But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.

The first is called the“tank test”.A modern airplane must fly very high in the sky.Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe.The metal structure（结构）of the plane has to be very strong for this reason.When the plane is filled with air，the air presses against the skin of the plane inside.The pressure（压力）on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out.If a small part of the planewere to fail，the plane would explode in the sky.To test the structure of the plane，the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water.Then it is filled with air.The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air.Finally，there is an explosion.This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else.Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken.Then that part is made stronger.

The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air.The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines（发动机）are all shut off at once.The plane begins to fall like a stone.It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again.These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.

68.By doing the“tank test”，the engineers can find out____.

A.the amount of air in the plane B.the strength of the plane structure

C.the pressure inside and outside the plane D.the power of the airplane engines

69.What will happen to the plane under the“tank test”?

A.It will be broken. B.It will be made stronger.

C.It will be filled with water. D.It will be tested by pilots.

70.According to the text，why are test flights most dangerous?

A.The plane may explode in the air. B.The pilot may lose control of the plane.

C.The engines may be damaged. D.Too much air may get into the plane.

71.What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A.Two Important Tests on Airplanes B.The Importance of Flying Safely

C.The Danger of Testing Airplanes D.How Airplanes Are Made and Tested

核心词汇及短语

■pump into

释义：用泵把……送入（把……灌入）

例句：A lot of people think it a good idea to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we pump into the atmosphere.

译文：很多人认为，削减我们排放到大气中的二氧化碳是个好主意。

■explode

释义：vi. 爆炸，爆发；激增；（情感）迸发

例句：They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.

译文：他们正在进行清理时第二颗炸弹爆炸了。

难句分析

01 The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air.

【句子主干】The pressure is greater than it ever will be

【句法分析】inside the plane介词短语做后置定语来修饰pressure，表明是飞机内部的压力；when it is high up in the air时间状语从句做it ever will be的状语，表明是当它在高空的任何时候。

【参考译文】飞机内部的压力比它在高空的任何时候都要大。

02 This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else.

【句子主干】This does not cause so much damage as it would anywhere else

【句法分析】not so much…as…相当于not as…as…，意思是“爆炸造成的破坏没有它在其他地方的大”；inside the water tank介词短语做后置定语来修饰damage，表明是水舱中的破坏。

【参考译文】爆炸在水舱中造成的破坏比它在其他地方要小。

答案解析

68.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用tank test定位，找到文章第二段中：The metal structure（结构）of the plane has to be very strong for this reason….Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken.可知这个测试用来检查飞机结构上的牢固程度，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和C选项都是这个测试过程中的一些细节信息，不是这个测试的目的。D选项中engines来源于第三段，直接排除。

69.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：依然定位到文章第二段，根据：The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air.Finally，there is an explosion.可知这架测试的飞机最终要以爆炸收场，对应A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B选项有不少同学误选，请注意审清楚题干，这道题问的是the plane的情况，特指经过了测试的这架飞机，怎么可能是把爆炸了的飞机做得更坚固，根据文章，只能是以后再造飞机时把它造得更坚固。C选项，充水的不是飞机，是水箱。D选项中pilots来源于第三段，直接排除。

70.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用test flights定位，找到文章第三段中，这里没有明示因果关系，所以我们的思路是先判断选项是否是一个正确的细节，再看它是否能成为题干的原因。根据：The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines（发动机）are all shut off at once.The plane begins to fall like a stone.It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again.可知B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项讲的是第二段的事，直接排除。C选项中damaged没有来源。D选项air是第二段中来的，直接排除。

71.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：文章为转折型开篇：Before a new type of airplane goes into service，every part of it is tested again and again.But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.对应A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B选项为无关概念。C选项为细节。D选项错在made。

全文翻译

在一种新款飞机投入服务之前，它的每一个部件都要经过反复测试。但是，其中有两样测试要比其他测试重要得多。

第一种测试被称为“水舱测试”。一架现代飞机必须在高空中飞行。空气必须被泵入飞机，以便乘客能够呼吸。由于这个原因，飞机的金属结构必须非常牢固。当飞机充满空气时，空气会自内向外挤压舱壁。施加于一扇小窗上的压力就好比一只巨大的脚正使劲往外踹。如果飞机上有一小部分损坏，飞机就会在空中爆炸。为了测试飞机的结构，飞机会被下沉到庞大的水舱或贮水器中。然后它被注满空气。飞机内部的压力比它在高空的任何时候都要大。最后，会有一场爆炸。爆炸在水舱中造成的破坏比它在其他地方要小。工程师可以查明飞机的哪个部位已损坏。然后该处将得到强化。

最危险的测试发生在新飞机参加空中试飞时。当所有发动机瞬间全部关闭时，试飞员必须完全弄清发生了什么事。飞机像石头一样下坠。飞行员的任务就是找出他能再次控制飞机的方法。这两个测试展示了飞机在运载乘客之前，它们的安全性是如何保证的。

2005全国ⅡD

You might think that“global warming”means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature.But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation（撤离）of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.

During the 20th century，sea level rose 812 inches.As a result，Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country’s drinking water.

Paani Laupepa，a Tuvaluan government official，reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.

Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（导致温室效应的气体排放），which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement，the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，”Laupepa told the BBC.

Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.

Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable（易受影响的）to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an“endangered nation”.

54.The text is mainly about____.

A.rapid changes in earth’s temperature B.bad effects of global warming

C.moving of a country to a new place D.reasons for lowland flooding

55.According to scientists，the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is____.

A.greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations

B.higher surface water temperatures of the sea

C.continuous global warming

D.rising sea levels

56.Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not____.

A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions

B.sign an agreement with Tuvalu

C.allow Tuvaluans to move to the US

D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real

57.The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is____.

A.Australia B.New Zealand C.the Maldives D.the United States

核心词汇及短语

■nothing more than

释义：不过是；无非是

例句：He adds that his work is nothing more than another form of community service.

译文：他补充称，他的工作只不过是社区服务的另一种形式。

■experience

释义：①vt.经验；经历；体验

例句：We had never experienced this kind of holiday before and had no idea what to expect.

译文：我们以前从未经历过这种假期，不知道有什么可期待的。

②n.经验；经历；体验

搭配：working experience工作经验；user experience用户体验

例句：I should not be in any danger here，butexperience has taught me caution.

译文：我在这里应该没有任何危险，但阅历已教会我谨慎。

■effectively

释义：adv.有效地，生效地；有力地；实际上

例句：If you can use a word correctly and effectively，you comprehend it.

译文：如果你能正确、有效地使用一个单词，那表明你理解它了。

■take away

释义：带走，拿走，取走

例句：There is only one thing that people can’t take away from you，and that is your wisdom.

译文：只有一种东西是别人无法从你的身上拿走的，那就是你的智慧！

难句分析

01 Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.

【句子主干】Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures to greater and more damaging storms

【句法分析】resulting from global warming现在分词做后置定语来修饰temperatures，表明是由全球变暖造成的温度。

【参考译文】许多科学家把由全球变暖造成的较高的地表水温和较强、较有破坏力的暴风雨联系起来。

02 Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（导致温室效应的气体排放），which are a main cause of global warming.

【句子主干】Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States

【句法分析】for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol介词短语做主干的原因状语，表明是因为美国拒绝在《京都议定书》上签字而不满；an international agreement做Kyoto Protocol的同位语；calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions后置定语修饰agreement，表明这份协议是呼吁工业化国家减少它们的温室气体排放的；which are a main cause of global warming定语从句修饰emissions，表明排放是造成全球变暖的一个主要原因。

【参考译文】劳佩帕表达了对美国的不满，因为美国拒绝在《京都议定书》上签字。《京都议定书》是一项呼吁工业化国家减少它们的温室气体排放这一造成全球变暖的主要原因的国际协议。

答案解析

54.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：我们回到文章的开篇：You might think that“global warming”means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature.But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation（撤离）of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.可以看出这篇文章是转折型开篇，文章主题在于But引导的这个句子，这个句子主干的含义是“但是全球气候变暖所导致的海平面上升已经导致了一个岛国国民的撤离”，这里看出全球气候变暖至少导致了两个后果，即海平面上升和岛国撤离，B选项正确。我们还可以有另一个思路，从第一句话中我们找到中心词是global warming，后面转折句中心词不能换。这里大家可以记一个原则：在英文当中，一般在转折、因果等逻辑关系中前后主题不能发生改变。所以文章主题就可以确认为global warming，只有选项B出现这个主题概念。

错误选项分析：A选项temperature是细节，而且在But句后都没有出现这个概念。C选项是细节。D选项是无关概念，误选这个选项的同学一定注意思维不要发散——难道海平面上升就表示要发洪水吗？

55.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用storms进行定位，找到文章第三段中：Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.这道题是对长难句中因果关系的考查，这句话有两重因果关系：connect A to B是一个因果关系，result from是另一重因果关系。可以看出是global warming导致了higher surface water temperatures，然后再导致了storms。题干问storms的直接原因，就对应B选项。

错误选项分析：A和D选项定位错误，好排除。C选项是直接原因。

56.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：使用专有名词Laupepa和United States进行定位，找到文章第四段中：Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（导致温室效应的气体排放），which are a main cause of global warming.这句话中for表原因，与题干中because也对应上了，答案就应该是for后面内容的改写，文中讲美国拒绝签署KP，同位语解释说明KP是一个要求发达国家减少温室气体排放的条约，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B选项中sign an agreement是对的，但Tuvalu来自下一个段落，这是一个拼凑出来的选项。C选项中Tuvaluans来自本段，但文章没有提到move to the US这个含义。D选项没有来源，好排除。

57.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到文章最后一段：Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable（易受影响的）to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an“endangered nation”.可知C选项正确。

错误选项分析：错误选项干扰性不强。

全文翻译

你也许认为“全球变暖”不过意味着全球气温的一次升高。但是它所造成的海平面升高已导致了一个岛国的首次撤离——图瓦卢的国民将不得不离开他们的家园。

20世纪期间，海平面上升了8～12英寸。因此，图瓦卢遭受了低地海水泛滥，并且泛滥污染了该国的饮用水。

帕尼·劳佩帕，一名图瓦卢政府官员，向地球政策研究所报告称，该国在过去10年里经受了异常多的暴风雨。许多科学家把由全球变暖造成的较高的地表水温和较强、较有破坏力的暴风雨联系起来。

劳佩帕表达了对美国的不满，因为美国拒绝在《京都议定书》上签字。《京都议定书》是一项呼吁工业化国家减少它们的温室气体排放这一造成全球变暖的主要原因的国际协议。“拒绝签署这项协议，美国实际上剥夺了图瓦卢子孙后代继续生活在他们祖先居住过数千年的地方的自由。”劳佩帕向BBC说道。

图瓦卢已请求澳大利亚和新西兰准许其公民逐渐向两国迁移。

图瓦卢不是唯一受海平面升高影响的国家。马尔代夫总统穆蒙·加尧姆告诉联合国，全球变暖已使得他的311000人的国家成为一个“濒临灭绝的国家”。

2005江西A

He wishes the holiday season would end already.His back aches，his red suit feels like a spacesuit，his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours—and still the kids keep coming and coming，like ants at a picnic.As Christmas becomes more commercialized（商业化）across the U.S.and Canada，so must Santas.As the holiday begins earlier each year，so must its spokesmen.

The questions from children these days are harder than ever.Now，with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan，the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable.For example，“Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning？”

Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued（指控）.A professional Santa Claus in Canada told a story：A Santa had a girl on his knee，and he commented，“You have nice eyes and nice hair.”The girl later said it was sexual harassment（骚扰）.When a Santa feels anxious，he often shows it in the same ways ordinary people do：The Santas were always seen to hang around at the dinner table when the show ended.Many of them just sleep in bed for several days and don’t see other children again.

56.In the first paragraph，“spokesmen”refers to____.

A.businessmen B.political leaders

C.organisers of the activities D.Santa Clauses

57.The passage implies that the job of Santa Claus is____.

A.well-paid B.very hard C.worth doing D.dangerous

58.According to the third paragraph，Santas may sometimes be blamed for____.

A.doing something against the law B.hanging around the dinner table

C.being lazy and sleeping in bed for days D.not playing their roles as expected

59.What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Christmas：Not a Good Festival for Santas B.Is Santa Claus Really Alive？

C.A Christmas Story D.What Does Santa Claus Do for Children

核心词汇及短语

■comment

释义：①vi. 发表评论；发表意见

搭配：comment on sth.对……发表评论；no comment无可奉告

例句：He declined to comment further on the date of this decision.

译文：他拒绝就这项决定的日期作进一步的评论。

②n.评论；意见；批评

例句：He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam.

译文：他在阿姆斯特丹的一次记者招待会上作了评论。

■ordinary

释义：adj. 普通的；平凡的；平常的

搭配：out of the ordinary非同寻常

例句：Realizing that this was no ordinary fish，the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way.

译文：那位渔民意识到这根本不是一条普通的鱼，于是千方百计不让它受到丝毫伤害。

难句分析

01 Now，with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan，the questions are as heart⁃breaking as they are unanswerable.

【句子主干】the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable

【句法分析】Now是整个句子的时间状语；with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan是整个句子的状语，其中serving in Iraq or Afghanistan现在分词做后置定语来修饰father or mother，表明是在伊拉克或阿富汗服役的父亲或母亲。

【参考译文】如今，随着成千上万的孩子期盼着在伊拉克或阿富汗服役的父亲或母亲回家，这些问题既令人心碎又难以回答。

答案解析

56.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于词义／句意题

【解析】正确选项分析：回文章定位：As Christmas becomes more commercialized（商业化）across the U.S.and Canada，so must Santas.As the holiday begins earlier each year，so must its spokesmen.这句话中its指的是“圣诞节的”，那么圣诞节的代言人就是圣诞老人。而且跟前一句形成顺承关系，那么spokesmen可以对应到前句中的Santas，故D选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题理解清楚文章后可直接选出答案。

57.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到前三段中，第一段说他们工作辛苦，第二段说孩子向他们提的问题很难回答，第三段说他们甚至会招致指控，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和C选项没有来源，D选项程度过了。

58.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到第三段中，根据：Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued（指控）.可知他们可能被指控，被指控的话，那就应该是违反了法律，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B和C选项是辛苦工作之后做的事情，跟受责备没有关系。D选项没有来源。

59.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：这篇文章举例型开篇，主题写的是“圣诞老人艰辛的工作”，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B、C和D选项都跟圣诞老人工作的艰辛没有关系。

全文翻译

他希望这个假期早已结束。他的背部疼痛，他的红色套装感觉像是一套航天服，他的面颊连续微笑12小后已变得僵硬——并且孩子们仍然源源不断地过来，如同蚂蚁正赶赴野餐。随着圣诞节在美国和加拿大变得更加商业化，圣诞老人也必须如此。随着这个假期每年早早开始，它的代言人也必须如此。

现在孩子们的问题比以前更难回答。如今，随着成千上万的孩子期盼着在伊拉克或阿富汗服役的父亲或母亲回家，这些问题既心碎又令人难以回答。例如，“你能及时把爸爸从战争中带回家过圣诞早晨吗？”

圣诞老人们也很有可能遭人指控。加拿大一位职业圣诞老人讲述了一个故事：一个圣诞老人把一个小女孩放在他的膝盖上，然后他评价道：“你有漂亮的眼睛和美丽的头发。”这个女孩之后说这是一种性骚扰。当一个圣诞老人感到焦虑时，他表现焦虑的方式常常和普通人表达焦虑的方式一样：当演出结束后，总能看到圣诞老人在餐桌旁徘徊。之后，他们中好多人只是在床上睡上好几天，并且不再去看望其他的孩子。

2005安徽C

Handshaking，though a European practice，is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met，they showed their unarmed（无武器的）hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly，people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“Let’s shake（hands）on it”sometimes means agreement reached.

Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet？No.Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party，especially when it is a woman，shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her.Even if，for politeness，he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand，just touch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding（误解）among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward，while the Chinese are rather reserved（保守的）in manner.But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.

64.In the old days in Europe，people put out their unarmed hands to each other____.

A.to make a deal B.to greet each other

C.to show friendliness D.to reach an agreement

65.The first paragraph mainly tells us____.

A.where handshaking was first practiced

B.how handshaking came about

C.about the relationship between handshaking and trade

D.about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China

66.According to the text，which of the following statements is true?

A.Westerners are more reserved than the Chinese.

B.Westerners are unwilling to shake hands.

C.We should make a judgment before shaking hands.

D.We shouldn’t shake hands with European women.

67.The main purpose of the text is____.

A.to tell us some differences between the East and the West

B.to offer us some important facts about handshaking

C.to introduce us to some different customs in the West

D.to give us some advice before we travel abroad

核心词汇及短语

■practice

释义：n.实践；练习；惯例

搭配：diplomatic practice外交惯例

例句：Some firms have reached agreements to cut workers’pay below the level set in their contract，a practice that is illegal in Germany.

译文：有些公司已达成一致意见，将工人的工资削减到低于合同中规定的水平，这种做法在德国是违法的。

■uninvited

释义：adj. 未被邀请的；未经请求的

搭配：uninvited guest不速之客

难句分析

01 Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.

【句子主干】The Chinese reach out their hands

【句法分析】Sometimes是整个句子的时间状语；abroad做后置定语来修饰the Chinese，表明是在国外的中国人；too often to be polite是结果状语，too…to…意思是“太……以至于不……”。

【参考译文】有时候，在国外的中国人伸出他们的手太过频繁而显得不礼貌。

02 It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party，especially when it is a woman，shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her.

【句子主干】It is really very impolite to give your hand

【句法分析】it是形式主语，真正的主语是to give your hand，表明伸出你的手是极其不礼貌的；when the other party shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her是两个并列的时间状语从句，表明在这两种情况下；especially when it is a woman是插入语，也是时间状语，强调这种情况。

【参考译文】当对方（尤其是女性）对与你握手表现出极少兴趣时，并且你们的会面对他或她毫无意义时，这时候伸出你的手是极其不礼貌的。

答案解析

64.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用专有名词Europe定位，而且题干中出现的时间概念In the old days也可以用来定位，找到文章第一段中：It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met，they showed their unarmed（无武器的）hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.可知握手是“表示好意（自己手里没有武器）”，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项含义是“达成交易”，没有来源。B选项含义是“彼此致意”，说通俗点就是彼此打个招呼，也不是文章的意思。D选项含义是“达成一致意见”，无来源。

65.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于段落主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：第一段介绍了话题“握手”，是在交代“握手”这种行为的起源，B选项正确。come about是“产生，发生”的意思。

错误选项分析：A选项，第一段主要不是讲地方。C选项trade没有来源。D选项，文章第一段提到握手这种行为在中国常见，但第一段主要不是讲在中国的情况。

66.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：此题需要分散定位。在文章第二段中，我们读到：So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.可知握手也是要分场合才行，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项的来源在第二段中：But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today.从这句话可知是一些西方人比一些中国人保守，选项把范围扩大到“西方人比中国人保守”不对。B选项违背主题，在文章中只能看到有些时候有些西方人不愿意握手，不能泛泛地推广到整个西方人群体。D选项用women定位，找到第二段中：It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party，especially when it is a woman，shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her.这句话的意思是女性不愿意握手的时候你还伸手是不礼貌的，不是说我们不应跟女性握手。

67.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：回到文章开篇，这篇文章是直叙型开篇：Handshaking，though a European practice，is often seen in big cities of China.可知文章的主题对象是handshaking，对应B选项正确。

错误选项分析：其他选项都没有出现文章的主题概念handshaking。

全文翻译

握手，尽管是一种欧洲习俗，但常常能在中国的大城市中看到。没人确切知道这项习俗是何时在欧洲开始的。据说，在很久以前的欧洲，当人们见面时，他们互相伸出他们那只没有拿武器的手以示友好。随着时间的推移和城市贸易的快速发展，城市中的人们开始轻拍对方的手来完成一笔交易或达成一项协议。这种习俗后来演变为朋友之间相互见面时或相互告别时的握手。“让我们为此握手”有时候意味着协议达成了。

欧洲人不论去哪里、不论遇到谁都会握手吗？不是的。有时候，在国外的中国人伸出他们的手太过频繁而显得不礼貌。当对方，尤其是女性，对与你握手表现出极少兴趣时，以及你们的会面对他或她毫无意义时，这时候伸出你的手是极其不礼貌的。即使出于礼貌，他伸出他那不情愿的一只手去回应你不请自来的那只手时，也只是轻轻触碰一下。中国人当中普遍有一种误解，认为西方人常常是开朗的、直爽的，而中国人更加保守。但实际上，西方国家的一些人比今天的中国人更加保守。因此，一个好的主意是，只有当一个西方人表现出与你进一步交往的兴趣时，你才去跟他握手。

2005安徽E

Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it.I mean the teenager（十几岁的孩子）problem.Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it，at certain times a wonderful，reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.

I’ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways.One strict mother insisted that her son，right from a child，should stand up whenever anyone entered the room，open doors and shake hands like a gentleman.I saw him last week when I called round.Sprawling himself（懒散地躺）on the sofa in full length，he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in，and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me.His mother was ashamed.“I don’t know what to do with him these days，”she said.“He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him.”

He hasn’t forgotten them.He’s just decided that he’s not going to use them.She confessed（坦白）that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.

Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture，reach across the table，stare at me and say，“I don’t like your dress；it’s ugly.”One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school.The other has left home.

“Where did we go wrong？”her parents are now very sad.Probably nowhere much.At least，no more than the rest of that unfortunate race，parents.

71.This text is most probably written by____.

A.a specialist in teenager studies B.a headmaster of a middle school

C.a parent with teenage children D.a doctor for mental health problems

72.The underlined word“it”in the second paragraph refers to____.

A.the change from good to bad that’s seen in a child

B.die way that parents often blame themselves

C.the opinion that a child has of his parents

D.the advice that parents want their children to follow

73.The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as____.

A.lazy B.quiet G.unusual D.rude

74.From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters____.

A.pay no attention to them B.are too busy to look after them

C.have come to hate them D.feel helpless to do much about them

75.What is the author’s opinion about the sudden change in teenage children?

A.Parents have no choice but to try to accept it.

B.Parents should pay still more attention to the change.

C.Parents should work more closely with school teachers.

D.Parents are at fault for the change in their children.

核心词汇及短语

■ashamed

释义：adj. 惭愧的，感到难为情的；耻于……的

搭配：be ashamed of对……表示难为情

例句：I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry.

译文：我为自己发了这么大的脾气而感到极为惭愧。

■come up

释义：走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出

搭配：come up with想出

难句分析

01 Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it，at certain times a wonderful，reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.

【句子主干】a child will turn into a terrible animal

【句法分析】Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it是让步状语从句，表明不管你做什么、不管你选择何种方式去处理这一问题；at certain times是主句的时间状语；a wonderful，reasonable and helpful是定语，修饰child。

【参考译文】不管你做什么、不管你选择何种方式去处理这一问题，在某些时候，一个非常优秀、通情达理和富有同情心的孩子也会变成一个可怕的动物。

02 Sprawling himself（懒散地躺）on the sofa in full length，he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in，and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me.

【句子主干】he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me

【句法分析】Sprawling himself（懒散地躺）on the sofa in full length现在分词做状语，表明他当时正四肢摊开懒散地躺在沙发上；he was watching定语从句修饰TV，表明是正在观看的电视节目；as I walked in是时间状语从句，as的意思是“当……的时候”。

【参考译文】当我走进房间时，正四肢摊开懒散地躺在沙发上的他没有试图关掉他正在观看的吵闹的电视节目，并且他的问候不过是匆匆瞥了我一眼。

答案解析

71.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：这道题问这篇文章由什么人所写，这种题跟文章主旨相关，更多地应该从文章的大方向寻找线索。这篇文章是直叙型开篇：Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it.注意体会这里的语气“家长们应该……”，这表明作者是个专家，有一种权威的语气，A选项正确。再结合后文的内容，可知文章在谈论青少年的问题，所以可以确认作者是“研究青少年问题的专家”。

错误选项分析：其他选项都没有来源。

72.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于词义／句意题

【解析】正确选项分析：这里it往前指，应该要指到上一段的末句：Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it，at certain times a wonderful，reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.可知这里it指的就是“孩子变成可怕的动物”，对应A选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题理解清楚文章中的代词指代后可直接选出答案。

73.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用sofa进行定位，找到第二段中：I saw him last week when I called round.Sprawling himself（懒散地躺）on the sofa in full length，he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in…可知这个孩子举止非常粗鲁，D选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项是对文章字面意思的诠释，跟文章真正表达的意思不符。B和C选项跟文章态度相反，好排除。

74.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于推理题

【解析】正确选项分析：第二个例子定位到文章倒数第二段，家长的态度在最后一段：“Where did we go wrong？”her parents are now very sad.家长不知道哪里出了问题，言语间体现出一种无助，D选项正确。

错误选项分析：其他选项没有来源。

75.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：这里问作者看法，属于主旨的范畴，我们应该抓大方向。回到文章开篇：Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it.可知作者的态度是家长要停止责备自己，因为这个事情的确没什么太多解决办法。故A选项正确。

错误选项分析：其他选项都偏离了作者态度。

全文翻译

家长应该停止自责，因为关于这个问题他们没有太多可以做的。我指的是青少年问题。不管你做什么、不管你选择何种方式去处理这一问题，在某些时候，一个非常优秀、通情达理和富有同情心的孩子也会变成一个可怕的动物。

我看到过朋友们用各种不同的方式处理这一问题。一位严厉的母亲坚持让他的儿子从孩童时期就开始这样做：不管什么时候有人进入房间，都要起立、开门并如绅士般与对方握手。上周我去他们家串门时，我看到了他。当我走进房间时，正四肢摊开懒散地躺在沙发上的他没有试图关掉他正在观看的吵闹的电视节目，并且他的问候不过是匆匆瞥了我一眼。他的母亲很羞愧。“这些天，我不知道该对他做些什么，”她说道，“他已经忘掉了我们教给他的所有礼仪。”

他没有忘掉这些礼仪。他只是决定不再用它们而已。她坦白道，她真想走到他身后，把他从沙发上扔到地上去。

我的另外一个好朋友允许她的两个女儿爬遍所有家具，并从桌子上爬过来，盯着我说，“我不喜欢你的裙子；它太丑了。”其中一个女儿最近已经被学校开除。另一个已经离家出走。

“我们哪里做错了？”她的父母现在很伤心。也许没错多少。至少，在父母这一不幸的群体里，他们和别家没什么区别。

2005江苏D

Animals can move from place to place，but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack，it can run away or fight back.Plants certainly cannot run away，and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.

Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away.For example，the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines（刺）that discourage grass-eating animals.Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches.This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.

Some plants，such as the oak tree，have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.Some grasses may contain a sandy material；eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth.

Many plants also have chemical defenses.Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction.Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a caterpillar（毛虫）bites a tobacco leaf，the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.

Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China，for instance，has prickly（多刺的）leaves，and each prickle contains poisonous venom（毒液）.A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.

68.The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals____.

A.are not tall enough B.like the lower leaves only

C.are not clever enough D.can get the lower leaves easily

69.To defend themselves，oak trees use____.

A.chemical means B.physical means

C.bitter chemicals D.sandy materials

70.How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?

A.Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.

B.Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.

C.Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.

D.Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.

71.What would be the best title for this passage?

A.Plants and Animals B.How Plants Defend Themselves

C.Attacks and Defenses D.How Animals Eat Plant Leaves

核心词汇及短语

■attack

释义：①n. 攻击；抨击；疾病发作

搭配：be under attack遭受攻击；heart attack心脏病发作

例句：She defended herself from the attack.

译文：她保护自己以免遭受袭击。

②vt.攻击；抨击；动手干

例句：Fifty civilians in Masawa were killed when government planes attacked the town.

译文：马萨瓦的50名平民在政府飞机袭击该市时丧生。

■defend

释义：vt.辩护；防护

搭配：defend against防卫

例句：His courage in defending religious and civil rights inspired many outside the church.

译文：他捍卫宗教权和公民权的勇气鼓舞了许多非教会人士。

■discourage

释义：vt. 阻止；使气馁

搭配：discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事

例句：Teachers should discourage their students from smoking and drinking.

译文：教师应劝阻学生吸烟、喝酒。

■thick

释义：adj. 厚的；浓的；粗大的

例句：For breakfast I had a thick slice of bread and butter.

译文：早餐我吃了一片厚厚的黄油面包。

■wear down

释义：磨损；使疲劳；使厌烦；损耗

例句：Constant sending of location data can wear down mobile phone batteries much quicker.

译文：持续发送定位数据会更快地损耗移动电话的电池。

答案解析

68.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中名词spines进行定位，找到文章第二段中：Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches.This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.可知低处的叶子长更多的刺是因为动物更容易够着，D选项正确。

错误选项分析：错误选项干扰性不强。

69.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用oak trees进行定位，找到文章第三段中：Some plants，such as the oak tree，have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.这属于物理方法，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和C选项讲化学方法，这是后面段落的内容。D选项来源也在本段：Some grasses may contain a sandy material；eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth.这讲的是一些草，跟oak tree已经没关系了。

70.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：使用题干中tobacco和caterpillar进行定位，找到第四段中：When a caterpillar（毛虫）bites a tobacco leaf，the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.可知烟草受到攻击时可以发出化学信号，让根产生更多的尼古丁，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项中的physical和D选项中的sand都是前面物理方法提到的细节，好排除。B选项中的messenger是叶子产生的，而不是根，这是一个拼凑选项。

71.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：这篇文章是转折型开篇：Animals can move from place to place，but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack，it can run away or fight back.Plants certainly cannot run away，and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.可见主题是要写植物通过使用物理和化学的手段进行自我防御，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项中animals偏离了主题，而防御这个主题概念也没有出现。C和D选项偏离主题，好排除。

全文翻译

动物可以从一个地方移动到另一个地方，而植物却不能。当一个动物遭受攻击时，它可以逃跑或者还击。植物当然不能逃跑，并且它们没有牙齿和利爪。但是植物可以通过使用物理和化学手段保护自己。

一些植物具有它们独有的方式，可以让动物远离。例如，冬青植物的叶子有尖锐的刺，可以阻拦食草动物。较低枝条上的冬青叶比高枝条上的叶子具有更多的刺。这是因为较低的叶子更容易被大多数动物够到。

一些植物（例如橡树）有厚实而坚硬的叶子，使得动物难以吞食掉。有些草会含有沙质物质，吃这种草会磨损动物的牙齿。

许多植物也具有化学防御功能。一些植物产生化学物质，它尝起来很苦或者引发不适反应。一些植物会通过增加这些物质的产出对一次攻击予以反击。当一个毛毛虫咬一片烟叶时，这个叶片会产生出一个化学信使。该信使向根部发送信息，要求制造出更多尼古丁。较高程度的尼古丁会阻拦住毛毛虫。

许多植物同时依靠物理和化学防御。例如，中国的某种植物有多刺的叶子，并且每根刺中含有毒液。与这种植物的一次接触就会让一只动物知道以后要远离它了。

2005江苏E

The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before：changes for the better，changes for the worse；changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings，changes that put man in danger.Many things caused the changes，but，in my opinion，the most important was the progress in science.

Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe；it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development.Technology，the application of science，has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.

The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings：in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning；in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits，and better protection of the environment.

Sadly，however，there is another side to the picture.The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind.The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet.We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War，the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used，the result could have been the ruin of the human race，as well as of many kinds of animals.

William Shakespeare said，“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove whatShakespeare said.But does it have to be so？Must the ill always go together with the good？Are we biologically programmed for war？

72.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

73.From the fourth paragraph，we can infer that____.

A.a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war

B.a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war

C.the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons

D.the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth

74.The underlined word“mingled”in the last paragraph most probably means____.

A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy

75.What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?

A.Further application of science to war. B.More reading of William Shakespeare.

C.Proper use of science in the new century. D.Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.

难句分析

01 The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before：changes for the better，changes for the worse；changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings，changes that put man in danger.

【句子主干】The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before：changes…，changes…；changes…，changes….

【句法分析】冒号之后列举了4种变化；for the better，for the worse介词短语做后置定语修饰前两个changes；that brought a lot of benefits to human beings，that put man in danger定语从句修饰后两个changes，that在从句中都是做主语。

【参考译文】20世纪经历了许多更大的变化，超过了以往任何一个世纪：向好的方面的变化；向坏的方面的变化；给人类带来许多利益的变化；将人类置入危险境地的变化。

02 The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet.

【句子主干】The application has created a real danger

【句法分析】of science and technology介词短语做后置定语修饰application，表明是对科技的应用；to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction介词短语做补语，补充说明是为了研发和生产大规模杀伤性武器而应用；其中of weapons介词短语做后置定语修饰the development and production，表明是武器的研发和生产；of mass destruction介词短语做后置定语修饰weapons，表明是大规模杀伤性武器；to the continued existence of the human race on this planet介词短语做danger的补语，补充说明是对这个星球上的全人类的继续生存的威胁；其中of the human race介词短语做后置定语修饰existence；on this planet介词短语做后置定语修饰human race。

【参考译文】科学和技术在大规模杀伤性武器的研发和生产上的应用已经对这个星球上的全人类的继续生存构成了一次真正的威胁。

03 Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War，the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used，the result could have been the ruin of the human race，as well as of many kinds of animals.

【句子主干】the number of nuclear weapons was so large

【句法分析】although意思是“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，that were produced and made ready for use定语从句修饰weapons，that在从句中充当主语；that if the weapons had actually been used，…many kinds of animals是that引导的结果状语从句，与主句中so构成搭配，意思是“如此……以至于……”；其中if the weapons had actually been used of weapons条件状语从句做该从句中的状语；the result could have been the ruin of the human race是这一从句的主干部分，其中of the human race介词短语做后置定语修饰ruin；as well as of many kinds of animals并列结构，表明of the human race和of many kinds of animals是并列的，其中出现了省略，完整句子是the ruin of the human race，as well as the ruin of many kinds of animals。

【参考译文】尽管迄今为止它们的应用仅仅出现在第二次世界大战期间，但是那些已经被生产制造出来并且准备使用的核武器的数量是如此庞大，以至于如果这些核武器真的被使用了，后果可能是全人类的灭亡，以及各种动物的灭绝。

答案解析

72.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于结构题

【解析】正确选项分析：文章第一段引出主题；第二段讲的是益处；第三段是对第二段的延续，注意第三段段首句中even表示递进；第四段讲坏处，注意第四段段首句中的however表示转折，文章要转向相反的方向；第五段进行总结。故A选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题分析清楚文章结构后可直接选出答案。

73.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于推理题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到第四段，可知第四段对核武器持负面态度，D选项“作者对核武器表示担忧”正确。

错误选项分析：A和B选项违背常识，不用定位也应排除。我们在使用常识进行判断时，请注意这样一个原则“符合常识的不一定对，违背常识的一定错”。如果对常识不确定的话，请一定回原文进行比对。C选项能真正读明白的同学不多，doubt的含义“怀疑……不”，是表示否定的怀疑，这个选项的意思是“作者怀疑核武器是不会毁灭人类的”，其实这个选项是偏向正面态度，如果读懂的话也是可以直接就排除的。

74.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于词义／句意题

【解析】正确选项分析：回文章定位：The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.这里good and ill together是对前面内容的解释，所以mingled的含义就是好的坏的混在一起，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题在文章理解清楚后可直接选出答案。

75.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于结构题

【解析】正确选项分析：这种有关文章续写的题高考中出的不多，考查的是学生对文章结构和文章衔接的理解，属于比较难的题。这种题一般会在题干界定清楚，是“下一段写什么”还是“最后一段接着写会写什么”。如果是下一段写什么，我们不仅要看跟最后一段的衔接，还要考虑接下来写的段落要能支持文章主题。如果是问最后一段接着写什么，就只用看跟最后一段的衔接即可。这道题题干没有具体界定，我们就混在一起考虑。这里考虑到最后一段写“好与坏交织在一起”，只有D选项“有效区分好与坏”能形成衔接。

错误选项分析：A和B选项既不能与文章最后一段衔接，也不能支持主题，好排除。C选项虽然跟主题有关，但不能跟最后一段形成衔接，也要排除。

全文翻译

20世纪经历了许多更大的变化，超过了以往任何一个世纪：向好的方面的变化；向坏的方面的变化；给人类带来许多利益的变化；将人类置入危险境地的变化。但是，我个人认为，最重要的变化是科学的进步。

物理和生物领域的科学研究已经极大地开阔了我们的视野。它给予了我们有关物质和宇宙结构的深层知识；它让我们更好地了解到生命的本质，以及生命持续发展的本质。技术和科学的应用已经取得了很大进步，这些进步几乎造福于我们生活的方方面面。

这些活动在21世纪的延续将给人类来带来更大的利益：在纯科学方面——一种更广泛、更深奥并且遍及所有学习领域的知识；在应用科学方面——一种更加合理的物质利益分配方式和更好的环境保护方式。

尽管如此，不幸的是，凡事总有坏的一面。科学的创造力已被用来做有损人类的事情。科学和技术在大规模杀伤性武器的研发和生产上的应用已经对这个星球上的全人类的继续生存构成了一次真正的威胁。尽管迄今为止它们的应用仅仅出现在第二次世界大战期间，但是那些已经被生产制造出来并且准备使用的核武器的数量是如此庞大，以至于如果这些核武器真的被使用了，后果可能是全人类的灭亡，以及各种动物的灭绝。

威廉·莎士比亚说过，“我们生活的网由交错的纱线编织而成，好的和坏的都有。”人类活动的唯一部分——科学——的以上应用概述似乎验证了莎士比亚这句话。但是它必定是这样的吗？坏的必定要始终伴随好的吗？难道我们生命中被编制了战争的程序了吗？

2005湖北E

From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions.It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating，and which are to be avoided；when to attack and when to run away.The animal is，in fact，playing a very dangerous game with its environment，a game in which it must make decision—a matter of life or death.

Animals’ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call“genetic（遗传性的）learning”，which is different from the individual（个体的）learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime.Genetic learning is learning by a species—animals of the same kind—as a whole，and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way.However，the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past.The more important individual experience is likely to be，the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game.Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next，it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.

In the great majority of animals，their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound（复合体）of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with.That is why animals can survive.

72.The animal’s life will come to an end____.

A.if the animal makes a wrong decision B.if the animal plays a dangerous game

C.when the animal attacks its enemy D.when the animal runs too slowly

73.Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because____.

A.each generation has its own way of learning

B.their environments change all the time

C.they can act reasonably on their own

D.it takes their whole life to learn

74.When the environment doesn’t change much，____.

A.animals cannot act in a right way

B.genetic learning is less important for animals

C.individual learning plays a less important role

D.animals cannot get over problems on their own

75.Animals’living on generation after generation depends on____.

A.their natural action pattern with their own experience

B.the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

C.their experience in particular environments

D.the knowledge passed on by their parents

核心词汇及短语

■achieve

释义：vt.达到；完成

例句：There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals.

译文：有很多人会努力工作来实现这些目标。

■generation

释义：n. 一代；产生；一代人；生殖

搭配：Beat Generation垮掉的一代（第二次世界大战之后出现于美国的一群松散结合在一起的年轻诗人和作家的集合体）；generation gap代沟

例句：How will the war impact on his generation？

译文：战争对他这一代会有什么影响呢？

■depend upon

释义：依赖；取决于

注解：做“依赖”的意思时后面介词也可以接on。

例句：Happiness doesn’t depend upon who you are or what you have，it depends solely upon what you think.

译文：幸福不在于你是谁或你拥有什么，它仅仅取决于你怎么想。

■get over

释义：克服；恢复；熬过；原谅

例句：It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.

译文：我过了很长时间才从她去世的震惊中恢复过来。

难句分析

01 It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating，and which are to be avoided；when to attack and when to run away.

【句子主干】It has to decide which of the things are for eating，and which are to be avoided；when to attack and when to run away.

【句法分析】句子主干中宾语较复杂，是由4个宾语从句组成的；第一个是which of the things around it are for eating，其中around it后置定语修饰things；第二个是which are to be avoided，中间有省略，完整句子是which of the things around it are to be avoided，因此谓语动词是are；第三个是when to attack，第四个是when to run away，都是decide的宾语。

【参考译文】它必须判断出它周围的东西哪些是可以食用的，哪些是要躲避的；并且要判断出何时攻击，以及何时逃跑。

答案解析

72.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到第一段最后一句：The animal is，in fact，playing a very dangerous game with its environment，a game in which it must make decision—a matter of life or death.这里death就跟题干形成了对应，可知动物生活在危险的环境中，如果作出错误的决定可能就会丧命，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B和C选项都是利用文章细节来设置干扰，这都不表示作出了错误决定。D选项中run too slowly没有来源。

73.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到文章第二段最后两句：The more important individual experience is likely to be，the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game.Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next，it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.前一句对应题干，后一句揭示原因。可知很少物种完全依赖遗传性学习，因为环境是在不断改变的，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题定位准确后可直接选出答案。

74.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到第二段中：The more important individual experience is likely to be，the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game.根据这句话可知，个体经验越重要，遗传性学习就越不重要，二者是一个对立关系。而环境不改变时，遗传性学习很重要，个体经验（学习）就不那么重要，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和D选项无关，好排除。B选项反了，在题干所说的情况下，遗传性学习应该是更重要。

75.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到文章最后一段：In the great majority of animals，their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound（复合体）of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with.That is why animals can survive.可知动物生存取决于个体经验和先天行为模式相结合的复合体，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B、C和D选项都只能体现文中复合体的一个部分。

全文翻译

一只动物从出生那刻起，就必须作出抉择。它必须判断出周围的哪些东西是可以食用的，以及哪些是要躲避的；何时攻击，以及何时逃跑。这只动物实际上正在跟它的生存环境玩一场非常危险的游戏，在这场游戏中，它必须作出抉择——事关存亡的抉择。

动物作出合理抉择的能力被认为部分源自于我们所说的“遗传性学习”，这种学习不同于一只动物在自己的生命过程中进行的个体性学习。遗传性学习是一个物种——相同种类的动物——作为一个整体进行的学习，并且它是通过从每一代中选择行为正确的成员而实现的。然而，遗传性学习的作用依赖于未来生存环境与过去生存环境的相似程度。个体经验越重要，遗传性学习作为一种克服生存游戏问题的方式就越不重要。因为大多数动物都是从一代到另一代生存在永远变化的环境中，因此发现只有极少数物种真正完全地依赖遗传性学习就不足为奇了。

对于大多数动物来说，它们在一个新环境中的行为方式是一种个体经验和动物与生俱来的行为模式相结合的复合体。这就是为什么动物可以存活的原因。

2005湖南B

Collections were the inspiration（灵感）for a project at Thomas Tallis School，which formed part of the Imagine Children’s Literature Festival last autumn.Each child（aged 12-13）beautified a box and wrote a story on the subject of collections to throw inside it.The boxes were spread within the Royal Festival Hall’s Ballroom.Some were left empty to encourage visitors to write their own stories.

The subject chosen by Lauren was an imaginative one.“It’s a sort of Cinderella（灰姑娘）story，”she told me，inspired by a collection of letters from her cousin.In the story these become love letters，burned by a cruel stepmother.Lauren’s best friend Charlotte is the stepmother.“I’m in Charlotte’s story too，”says Lauren，“and I get run over.”Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’coin collection.“We’ve collected foreign coins for years，since our families went on holiday to Tenerife，”she explains.“That was before the Euro，so we put pesetas in.”Lauren continues：“I find a coin in the road，go to get it and get run over.I’m in hospital and then I die.”Charlotte adds：“Or she might not die.I haven’t decided yet.”

Millie Murray，who is a teen-novel author，thinks that setting the subject of collections was a useful inspiration to their creativity rather than a restriction（限制）.“In the beginning I thought，‘Will the children be able to do it？’”she says.“But it’s been fruitful.Some have their own collection，some have parents who do，and some have written complete stories.It’s made them think about something they wouldn’t have otherwise，which can only be a good thing.”

59.What were the children asked to do in the project?

A.To meet friends at Thomas Tallis School.

B.To write stories on the subject of collections.

C.To encourage visitors to write their own stories.

D.To have their friends for characters in the stories.

60.The underlined word“pesetas”in Paragraph 2 is a kind of____.

A.story B.collection C.inspiration D.foreign coin

61.From the stories by Lauren and Charlotte，we know that____.

A.Charlotte hurt herself when getting a coin

B.both of them developed their imagination

C.both of them will die in each other’s stories

D.Lauren’s cousin posted her some love letters

62.Millie Murray thinks____.

A.collections could inspire writing creativity

B.it was good for parents to have collections

C.inspirations were very useful in writing stories

D.setting collection subjects restricted inspirations

核心词汇及短语

■collection

释义：n.采集，聚集；（税收）征收；收藏，收藏品；募捐

搭配：data collection数据采集；garbage collection垃圾回收

例句：Robert’s collection of prints and paintings has been bought over the years.

译文：罗伯特的印刷和图画收藏品是多年来花钱买的。

■run over

释义：撞倒，辗过；匆匆看；复查

例句：He run her over and made it look like an accident.

译文：他把她撞倒在地，并使之看起来像一起事故。

■fruitful

释义：adj. 富有成效的；多产的；果实结得多的

例句：We are certain that this will be a fruitful collaboration.

译文：我们确信这将是一次富有成效的合作。

答案解析

59.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用child进行定位，找到文章第一段中：Each child（aged 12-13）beautified a box and wrote a story on the subject of collections to throw inside it.可知B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和D选项没有来源，好排除。C选项也来源于这个段落：Some were left empty to encourage visitors to write their own stories.可知这里鼓励游客写自己的故事，但并不是由孩子们来鼓励，故不对。

60.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于词义／句意题

【解析】正确选项分析：回文章定位：“That was before the Euro，so we put pesetas in.”可知pesetas跟“Euro（欧元）”可以比较，故应该是一种货币，对应D选项。另外，根据后面一句：Lauren continues：“I find a coin in the road，go to get it and get run over.…”这句话跟前面要形成延续，这里的coin就应该对应到pesetas，故D选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题文章理解清楚后可直接选出答案。

61.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用两个人名进行定位，找到第二段中：The subject chosen by Lauren was an imaginative one.再根据：Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’coin collection.可知他们在写故事时都是要靠想象，故B选项“他们发展了自己的想象力”正确。

错误选项分析：A选项，这个故事应该是Lauren的。C选项，其实只有一个死了。D选项，找到第二段中：“It’s a sort of Cinderella（灰姑娘）story，”she told me，inspired by a collection of lettersfrom her cousin.In the story these become love letters，…可知是在故事中cousin的信才变成了情书，故D选项拼凑内容，把两个细节强行拼到了一个选项中。

62.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中Millie Murray进行定位，找到最后一段中：Millie Murray，who is a teen-novel author，thinks that setting the subject of collections was a useful inspiration to their creativity rather than a restriction（限制）.可知这些收藏可以激发他们的创造力，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：其他选项没有来源。

全文翻译

收藏成为托马斯·塔里斯学校一个课题的灵感来源，并且构成了去年秋季的“想象儿童文学节”的一部分。每个孩子（12～13岁）装饰一个盒子，并且以收藏为主题写一篇故事并扔进盒子里。这些盒子会在皇家节日音乐厅的舞厅里传递。其中一些盒子是空的，以鼓励来访者写下他们自己的故事。

劳伦所选的主题是富有想象力的一个。“它有点类似于灰姑娘的故事，”她告诉我，她的灵感来自于她表亲的一堆信件。在故事中，这些信件都变成了情书，却被残酷的继母烧掉了。劳伦的好朋友夏洛蒂就是这位继母。“我也出现在夏洛蒂的故事中，”劳伦说道，“并且我被车撞倒了。”夏洛蒂的故事灵感来自于女孩们的硬币收藏。“自从我们家去特纳利夫岛度假以来，我们已经收藏外国硬币好几年了，”她解释道，“那是在欧元出现之前，因此我们花时间收藏西班牙硬币。”劳伦继续说道：“我看到马路上有一枚硬币，过去拿它的时候被车撞倒后碾过。我被送往医院后就死掉了。”夏洛蒂补充道：“或者她不会死掉，因为我还没决定好。”

米莉·穆雷，一名青少年小说作者，认为开设收藏这一课题是对他们创造力的一种有益启迪，而不是限制。“刚开始我在想，‘孩子们能够做到吗？’”她说道，“但结果是很有收获的。有些孩子有他们自己的收藏，有些孩子可以用父母的收藏，并且有些孩子已经写完了整篇故事。这能让他们思考平时不会想到的问题，这不得不说是件好事。”

2005山东C

Millions of people visit Yosemite National Park every year to see the tall waterfalls and mountains.These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.Lots of stores，hotels，and restaurants are needed to handle the crowds.Also，water，roads，and other service systems are part of the infrastructure（基础设施）that must be maintained.

Unfortunately，these systems are starting to break down.It’s not just in Yosemite but in national parks around the nation.

Yosemite is thirty years old according to Dennis Galvin，a National Park Service worker.The park is not only old but worn out.Two or three times as many visitors come every year.That is too many visitors for the park to deal with.

Four years ago a storm washed out a water pipeline in the Grand Canyon.The National Park Service had to send water trucks to provide water for the visitors.Last month pipes almost broke again and roads had to be closed for a while.

Why hasn’t the National Park Service kept up the park repairs？There is a lack of money.The United States has 378 monuments，parks，and wilderness areas.Between three and four billion dollars are needed for repairs.

Yosemite is one national park that does have money for repairs.It has two hundred million dollars but cannot spend it any way it chooses.When the park workers started widening the road，they were forced to stop by the Sierra Club.The club claimed that the road work was damaging the Merced River that runs through the park.

A Sierra Club lawyer，Julia Olson，feels that the infrastructure needs to be moved out of Yosemite.That way less pressure will be put on the already crowded park.

65.According to the text，the mountains in Yosemite look most splendid when they are appreciated from____.

A.the bottom of the valleys B.the top of the mountains

C.the side of the mountains D.the edge of the valleys

66.National parks like Yosemite in the U.S.find it increasingly difficult to meet the need of visitors because____.

A.their transport management needs improving

B.they spend too much on their service systems

C.their service systems frequently go out of order

D.they need help from environmental organizations

67.The main problem of Yosemite National Park is its____.

A.rundown water pipes B.overcrowdedness

C.lack of money D.narrow roads

68.According to the text，the Sierra Club is most likely to be____.

A.an environmental group B.an information center

C.a travel service D.a law firm

核心词汇及短语

■crowd

释义：①n. 人群；大众；一大堆

例句：It took some two hours before the crowd was fully dismissed.

译文：用了大约两个小时才把人群完全驱散。

②v.聚集；涌向；推搡；塞满

例句：The hungry people crowded around the tractors.

译文：饥饿的难民们围在拖拉机旁。

■wear out

释义：磨损，耗尽；穿破；使精疲力竭

搭配：wear out sth.用坏，磨损某物；wear sb.out使某人精疲力竭

例句：Horses used for long-distance riding tend to wear their shoes out more quickly.

译文：用来作长途跋涉的马匹很快就会磨破铁掌。

■claim

释义：vt.要求；声称；需要；认领

例句：A man claiming to be a journalist threatened to reveal details about her private life.

译文：一个自称是记者的男人威胁要公开她的私生活细节。

难句分析

01 These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.

【句子主干】These mountains are a splendid sight

【句法分析】when viewed from the valley floor是状语从句，做句子的时间状语，其中出现了状语从句的省略现象，完整的句子是when these mountains are viewed from the valley floor，当主句和从句的主语一致，且状语从句中出现被动时，可将共同的主语和系动词一同省略。

【参考译文】从谷底看，这些山是非常雄伟的。

答案解析

65.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用the mountains in Yosemite进行定位，找到：These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.对应A选项，它把文中的floor改写为了bottom。

错误选项分析：B和C选项好排除。D选项错在edge，这个词的意思是“边缘”。

66.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：找到第二段中：Unfortunately，these systems are starting to break down.It’s not just in Yosemite but in national parks around the nation.可见其问题是公园故障频发，C选项正确。选项中go out of order的含义是“出问题”，就是对这里break down的改写，后文具体写了这些问题，进一步确证了答案。

错误选项分析：其他选项干扰性不强。

67.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到第三段中：The park is not only old but worn out.Two or three times as many visitors come every year.That is too many visitors for the park to deal with.可见公园现在面对的问题就是游客太多，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项，水管问题是发生在Grand Canyon。C选项，文章讲到公园时说的是不缺钱。D选项没有来源。

68.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用Sierra Club定位，找到：When the park workers started widening the road，they were forced to stop by the Sierra Club.The club claimed that the road work was damaging the Merced River that runs through the park.可见这应该是一个环保组织，答案为A选项。

错误选项分析：B和C选项没有来源，好排除。D选项的来源在这句话：A Sierra Club lawyer，Julia Olson，feels that the infrastructure needs to be moved out of Yosemite.问题是Sierra Club不应该是一个公司，a law firm译成中文叫“律师事务所”，可它依然是一个公司的概念，对应不上这里的“Sierra俱乐部”。

全文翻译

每年数以百万计的人们到约塞米蒂国家公园欣赏高高的瀑布和山脉。从山谷看去，这些高山非常壮观。许多商店、酒店及餐馆需要接待这些人群。此外，用水、公路以及其他服务系统都是必须要维护的基础设施部分。

不幸的是，这些系统正开始遭到破坏。这种情况不仅出现在约塞米蒂国家公园，而且也出现在全美其他国家公园里。

据国家公园服务处的一名工人丹尼斯·加尔文称，约塞米蒂国家公园已经30岁了。这座公园不仅老，而且破旧。每年多达2～3倍的游客来到这里。这意味着游客的数量太多了，以至于这个公园应对不过来。

四年前，一场暴雨冲垮了大峡谷的一条水管。国家公园服务处不得不派供水车为游客提供用水。上月，水管差点又要破裂，道路不得不封锁了一段时间。

为什么国家公园没能跟得上公园维修的进度呢？原因就是缺钱。美国有378个纪念馆、公园和自然环境保护区。维修所需要的经费为30～40亿美元。

约塞米蒂是一个的确有钱进行维修的国家公园。它有2亿美元，但却不能按照自己选择的方式使用。当公园工作人员开始拓宽道路的时候，他们被塞拉俱乐部强制叫停。该俱乐部宣称道路施工破坏了贯穿整个公园的美熹德河。

一名来自塞拉俱乐部的律师朱莉娅·奥尔森认为，基础设施需要移出约塞米蒂。那样将会减轻已经拥堵的公园的压力。

2005辽宁D

While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged，loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face.Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness，a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one.This phenomenon（现象）is commonly known as“Empty Nest Syndrome”（空巢综合征）.

In order to seek better chances outside their countries，many young people have gone abroad，leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home.Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights，taking care of themselves，in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them.The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries.Whatever the case，it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do.This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response（回应）in time for their aged parents living by themselves.

The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as“distant parent phenomenon”，which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries.Our society has not yet been well prepared for“Empty Nest Syndrome”.

68.According to the passage，the loneliness of aged parents is mainly caused by____.

A.their earlier experience of feeling lonely

B.the unfavorable living conditions in their native countries

C.the common worry about their income

D.the geographical distance between parents and children

69.Many young people have gone abroad，leaving their aged parents behind，to____.

A.live in the countries with more money B.seek a better place for their aged parents

C.continue their studies abroad D.realize their dreams in foreign countries

70.If young people go abroad，____.

A.they do not hold to the value of duty at all

B.they can give some help to their parents back home

C.they cannot do what they should for their parents

D.they believe what they actually do is right

71.From the last paragraph，we can infer that____.

A.the situations in the developed and developing countries are different

B.“Empty Nest Syndrome”has arrived unexpectedly in our society

C.children will become independent as soon as they go abroad

D.the aged parents are not fully prepared for“Empty Nest Syndrome”

核心词汇及短语

■geographical

adj. 地理的；地理学的

搭配：geographical position地理位置；geographical environment地理环境

例句：Geographical maps are not the only kind of maps out there.

译文：地理学上的地图不是这里唯一类型的地图。

■note

释义：①vt.注意；记录；注解

搭配：it is noted that…注意到……

例句：They never noted the building’s history of problems.

译文：他们从未留意这座建筑出问题已多久了。

②n.笔记；票据；注解；纸币；

搭配：delivery note交货单；note paper便笺

例句：I knew that if I didn’t make a note I would lose the thought，so I asked to borrow a pen.

译文：我知道如果我不作一个记录，我就会忘记这个想法，于是我要求借支笔。

难句分析

01 In order to seek better chances outside their countries，many young people have gone abroad，leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home.

【句子主干】many young people have gone abroad

【句法分析】In order to seek better chances outside their countries是整个句子的目的状语，引导词in order to意思是“为了”；leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home非谓语做状语，与主句有共同的主语，即young people，因此是young people leave their parents behind。

【参考译文】为了在他们国家以外的地方寻求更好的机会，许多年轻人已经出国，而把他们的父母丢在身后，也不知道自己什么时候会回家。

02 The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries.

【句子主干】The fact makes it unlikely that they will hold to the value of duty

【句法分析】主干中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是由that引导的宾语从句that they will hold the value of duty；that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies同位语从句做fact的同位语，表明这个事实就是大多数年轻人去了欧洲化或者美国化的社会；as tightly as they would have做宾语从句中的状语，其中出现了as…as同级比较，意思是“和他们没有离开自己国家时一样牢固”；if they had not left their countries做宾语从句中的状语，引导词if意思是“如果”。

【参考译文】大多数年轻人去了欧洲化或者美国化的社会，这样一个事实使得他们对于责任价值观的坚守不太可能像他们没有离开自己国家时那样牢固。

03 Whatever the case，it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do.

【句子主干】it has been noted that the values do not necessarily match what they actually do

【句法分析】主干中it是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句；其中包含what引导的宾语从句what they actually do，做match的宾语；Whatever the case是状语，表明“无论情况如何”；they hold定语从句修饰values，省略了引导词that。

【参考译文】无论情况如何，我们都应该注意到，他们所坚守的价值观与他们所做的事情并不完全匹配。

答案解析

68.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用the loneliness of aged parents定位，找到第一段中：Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness，a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one.可知D选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题定位准确后可直接选出答案，干扰选项也都没有来源。

69.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用young people定位，找到第二段中：In order to seek better chances outside their countries，many young people have gone abroad，leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home.对应D选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和B选项没有来源。C选项中studies没有来源，原文只讲他们是为了寻找更好的机会，这个机会不一定得是学业上的。

70.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用young people定位，找到第二段中：This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response（回应）in time for their aged parents living by themselves.其中the grown-up children就是对前面young people的改写，整句话的意思是“这种地理和文化上的距离阻止了孩子对独自生活的父母作出及时的回应”，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项的来源在于：…makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty…注意unlikely的含义为“不太可能”，而A选项中“not…at all”表达过于绝对。B选项的意思与原文相反。D选项没有来源。

71.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于推理题

【解析】正确选项分析：这道题答案为B选项，来源是在最后一段中：Our society has not yet been well prepared for“Empty Nest Syndrome”，由此推出“空巢综合征出乎预料地来到我们社会”。

错误选项分析：A选项，根据：…which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries.可知A选项的意思反了。C选项independent没有来源。D选项，最后一段是说我们的社会都没有作好准备，而没有说老年人没有对此作好准备。

全文翻译

在收入问题成为老年人相当普遍的问题的同时，孤独又成为老年父母们可能面临的另一问题。在他们孤独的所有原因中，父母和孩子间较大的地理距离是最主要的原因。这种现象是众所周知的“空巢综合征”。

为了在他们国家以外的地方寻求更好的机会，许多年轻人已经出国，而把他们的父母丢在身后，也不知道他们自己什么时候会回家。他们的父母度过了无数个孤独的日日夜夜照来自己顾自己，希望有一天他们的孩子能回来陪伴他们。这些年轻人中的大多数去了欧洲化或者美国化的社会，这种事实使得他们对于责任这种价值观的坚守不太可能像一直在自己国家那样牢固。地理和文化距离也会阻止成年子女对独自生活的年迈父母作出及时回应。

成年子女远离年迈父母而生活的这种情形称为“远离父母现象”，这种现象在发达国家和发展中国家都很普遍。我们的社会还没有准备好应对“空巢综合征”。

2005浙江E

When Lew Alcindor was 13，and obviously still growing，a group of schools began offering him scholarships（奖学金）.The Alcindors decided to send their only child to Power Memorial Academy，a small school on Manhattan’s West Side.

At Power，Alcindor came under the control of Coach Jack Donohue，a strict young man who already gained his fame as one of the best coaches in the city.Donohue brought Alcindor along slowly.As a first-year student，the boy was not able to do much but wave his long skinny arms and shoot a basket now and then.But by the second year，when he was 15 years old and nearly 7 feet tall，Alcindor was quick and skillful enough to make the high school All-American team and to lead Power to an undefeated season.

From then on he simply got better.Some rival coaches（对方教练）used to take their teams quickly away from the floor before Power warmed up so that their players would not see him any sooner than they had to.Wearing size 16D shoes and sucking a lollipop（棒棒糖），Alcindor would loosen up by starting his leaping lay-ups（擦板球）.Then he would casually shoot the ball with either hand，to the delight of the fans.

When reporters and photographers began to follow Alcindor closely，Donohue protected his boy firmly.He simply ordered Lew to talk to no member of the press，and this suited Lew fine.He was not comfortable talking to grown-ups，perhaps because he towered over them.Discouraged photographers began following him in secret as though he were an easily-frightened giraffe.Once after ducking into a subway to escape，Alcindor told a friend that it was all becoming like policemen and robbers.“People want you not for yourself，”Donohue warned him，“but because you’re a basketball player.Don’t forget that.”

57.Many schools offer Alcindor scholarships because____.

A.he was young B.he was hardworking

C.he was tall for his age D.he was skillful at playing basketball

58.Which of the following best describes Donohue as a young coach?

A.Serious，popular and slow. B.Tall，skillful and successful.

C.Kind，powerful and undefeated. D.Well-known，strict and experienced.

59.Why did some rival coaches take their teams away from the floor before Power warmed up?

A.Their teams refused to play Power. B.Their teams feared to see Alcindor.

C.Their teams would lose courage. D.Their teams would lose interest.

60.What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?

A.How Donohue protected Alcindor from the press.

B.How Alcindor disliked meeting reporters.

C.Why the press followed Alcindor closed.

D.Why the public wanted Alcindor badly.

核心词汇及短语

■now and then

释义：偶尔；有时

例句：Every now and then it’s fun to try something new.

译文：偶尔尝试一些新鲜事物是一种乐趣。

■simply

释义：adv.简单地；仅仅；简直；朴素地；坦白地

例句：Most of the damage that’s occurred was simply because of fallen trees.

译文：大部分损失仅仅是因倒在地面的树木造成的。

■firmly

释义：adv. 坚定地，坚决地；坚固地，稳固地

例句：We will，as always，firmly support your just struggle.

译文：我们将一如既往地坚决支持你们的正义斗争。

■press

释义：①n.压；按；新闻，新闻界；出版社；［印刷］印刷机

搭配：the press报刊（总称），新闻界；press conference记者招待会，新闻发布会

例句：Gangnam Style attracted wide comment in the press.

译文：《江南Style》引起了媒体的广泛评论。

②vt.压；按；逼迫；紧抱

例句：Drago pressed a button and the door closed.

译文：德拉戈按了一个按钮，门关上了。

■discouraged

释义：adj.垂头丧气的，灰心的，泄气的，沮丧的，气馁的

例句：Never be discouraged with life.

译文：切莫对生活丧失信心。

难句分析

01 Some rival coaches（对方教练）used to take their teams quickly away from the floor before Power warmed up so that their players would not see him any sooner than they had to.

【句子主干】Some rival coaches（对方教练）used to take their teams quickly away from the floor

【句法分析】before Power warmed up是时间状语从句，so that their players would not see him any sooner than they had to是目的状语从句，其中so that意思是“为了”；目的状语从句中包含短语not any more than，等于no more than，意思是“仅仅”。

【参考译文】在鲍尔队热身之前，有些对方教练经常把他们的球队迅速带离球场，为了让他们的队员们仅仅是在不得不面对鲍尔的时候才面对他。

答案解析

57.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用scholarships进行定位，找到文章第一段中：When Lew Alcindor was 13，and obviously still growing，a group of schools began offering him scholarships（奖学金）.这道题在提到“奖学金”的这个段落，只有一个跟Lew Alcindor个人有关的信息，就是“他还在长高”，可知就是因为身高的缘故很多学校给他奖学金，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和B选项没有来源，好排除。D选项有一定干扰性，文章说他成为一个优秀的篮球运动员已经是第二年的事情了，文章后文提到第一年其实还不是那么厉害。大家注意细节题做的时候首先要定位到题干细节，然后紧贴文章选答案。

58.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用Donohue进行定位，找到第二段中：At Power，Alcindor came under the control of Coach Jack Donohue，a strict young man who already gained his fame as one of the best coaches in the city.既然是最好的教练之一，应该很有经验，故experienced可以被认为来源于此。故答案为D选项。

错误选项分析：A选项中的slow与文章态度相反，好排除。B选项中的tall没有来源。C选项中的kind没有来源。

59.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用rival coaches进行定位，找到文章第三段中：Some rival coaches（对方教练）used to take their teams quickly away from the floor before Power warmed up so that their players would not see him any sooner than they had to.可知对手教练带领队员早早离开，是不愿意在不得已之前看到Alcindor，也就是说怕队员看到他以后失去勇气，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和D选项没有来源，好排除。B选项，文章并没有说队员害怕，这里应该是教练的考虑，考虑到自己的队员可能会失去勇气。

60.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于段落主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：段落主旨句一般就在第一句，如果段落有转折则一般在转折句。定位最后一段第一句：When reporters and photographers began to follow Alcindor closely，Donohue protected his boy firmly.主句内容比从句重要，可知这个段落写教练对Alcindor的保护，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题分析清楚段落结构后可直接选出答案。

全文翻译

路易斯·阿尔辛多13岁时还在明显地长高，并且一批学校开始表示向他提供奖学金。阿尔辛多一家决定把他们唯一的孩子送到鲍尔纪念专科学校——曼哈顿西区的一所小型学校。

在鲍尔学校，阿尔辛多受教练杰克·多诺休的管教，这位严厉的年轻人因是这座城市最好的教练之一而颇具声望。多诺休循序渐进地训练着阿尔辛多。作为一名一年级新生，这个小男孩除了挥动他那瘦长的手臂，偶尔投下篮球外，其他什么也不能做。但到了第二年，当他15岁并且将近7英尺高时，阿尔辛多不仅速度快而且技术娴熟，足够能让这所中学的篮球队成为全美明星队，并且带领鲍尔篮球队走向一个不败赛季。

从那时起，他又更加出色了。在鲍尔队热身之前，有些对方教练经常把他们的球队迅速带离球场，以便他们的队员们不会过早地看到他，除非他们不得不面对他的时候。脚穿16D鞋子并且嘴含一根棒棒糖，阿尔辛多会通过投擦边球放松自己。然后他会随意地用一只手投篮来愉悦观众。

当记者和摄影师开始紧紧尾随阿尔辛多时，多诺休会强有力地保护着他的孩子。他只是让路易斯不要跟媒体讲话，而这也正合路易斯的心意。他和这些成年人讲话会感觉不舒服，或许因为他比他们都高的原因。气馁的摄影师们开始偷偷地跟随着他，仿佛他就是一只易受惊吓的长颈鹿。一旦躲进地铁逃脱之后，阿尔辛多就对朋友说整个过程就像警察和小偷。“人们想要你不再做你自己，”多诺休警告他道，“而正是因为你是一名篮球运动员。不要忘记这一点。”

2006广东A

Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling.One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago.Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen.

The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country’s bees.He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated（交配）it with the more easy-going native variety to produce a new kind of bees.The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey.It seemed that Professor Kerr，for that was the scientist’s name，had a total success on his hands.

Then things began to go wrong.For some reason as yet unseen，but perhaps as a result of something in their environment，the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities.They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry，attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places.

But worse was to follow.Having taken over the countryside，the new bees，with their dangerous stings（叮），began to attack its neighbours—cats，dogs，horses，chickens and finally man himself.A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings.

This would have been bad enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil.But now they are on the move，heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America，and moving at the alarmingspeed of 200 miles a year.The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them.

56.The results of the South American experiment____.

A.have caused a serious trouble B.have proved to be wrong

C.are not yet certain D.are not important

57.The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to____.

A.increase the amount of honey in Brazil B.make Brazilian bees more easy-going

C.increase the number of bees in Brazil D.make African bees less active

58.Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees’attacking personalities?

A.Their production of honey. B.Their hard work.

C.Their living environment. D.Their bad temper.

59.The last paragraph implies that____.

A.the bees have been driven to Central and North America

B.the bees may bring about trouble in more countries

C.the bees must be stopped from moving north

D.the bees prefer to live in Brazil

核心词汇及短语

■take place

释义：发生；举行

注解：take place相当于不及物动词，无被动语态。

■consequence

释义：n. 结果；重要性

搭配：as a consequence因此，结果

例句：Her lawyer said she understood the consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail.

译文：她的律师说她明白自己行为的后果并准备去坐牢。

■native

释义：adj. 本国的；土著的；天然的；与生俱来的；天赋的

搭配：native speakers说本国语言的人；nativespecies本地物种

例句：She spoke not only her native language，Swedish，but also English and French.

译文：她不仅讲她的母语瑞典语，还讲英语和法语。

■variety

释义：n.多样；种类；杂耍

搭配：a variety of种种，各种各样的

例句：Susan’s idea of freedom was to have variety in her life style.

译文：苏珊对自由的理解就是拥有生活方式的多样化。

■personality

释义：n. 性格；品格；名人

例句：She has such a kind，friendly personality.

译文：她有着如此友善的性格。

难句分析

01 Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do the results may range from the

disastrous to the troubling

【句子主干】Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling.

【句法分析】主干为并列句；when they do是时间状语从句，做and之后那句的状语，其中do指的就是go wrong，因此完整的句子是：…when they go wrong，the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling.

【参考译文】科学实验有时会出错，并且当它们出错时所造成的后果大小不一，可以是大灾难，也可以是小麻烦。

02 A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings.

【句子主干】A long period of terror began

【句法分析】that后面是that引导的定语从句，修饰period，这里出现了先行词和定语从句的分离。

【参考译文】一段漫长的恐怖期开始了，在这段时期大量的动物以及大约150个人被杀。

答案解析

56.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中the South American experiment进行定位，然后寻找其结果，找到：Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen.这句话中consequences跟题干中results形成了对应，可知这个实验的结果到底会有何危害还不得而知，对应C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项时态错误，文章讲的是这个实验结果到底会带来严重伤害还是仅仅是小麻烦还有待观察。B选项跟题干搭配错误，由文章第一句话：Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong可知是experiments出错，而不是说results被证明错误。误选B选项的同学一定注意定位时题干要和文章对应清楚。D选项没有来源。

57.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位这个实验的目的，找到第二段第一句：The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country’s bees.可知这个实验最初的目的是要提高蜂蜜的生产力，蜜蜂生产的是蜂蜜，这就是A选项中honey的来源，后文也有照应，故A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B选项，文章提到了“本土蜜蜂more easy-going”，并没有说要把这些蜜蜂变得more easy-going。C选项，文章说要增加的是蜜蜂的产量，而不是数量。D选项，实验目的不是针对非洲蜜蜂。

58.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中名词attacking personalities进行定位，找到第三段中：For some reason as yet unseen，but perhaps as a result of something in their environment，the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities.可知环境是导致其具有攻击性的一个原因，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题定位准确后可直接选出答案。

59.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于推理题

【解析】正确选项分析：根据最后一段中第二句：But now they are on the move，heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America，and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year.可知这些可怕的蜜蜂正在向其他国家转移，那么就有可能给除了巴西以外的更多国家带来麻烦，B选项正确。而且请大家体会B选项中的may，这就是一种推理语气，使推理变得严谨。当然我们不能因此就说推理题的正确答案中一定要有may，如果有的推理能够确定，就没有必要画蛇添足加上may。

错误选项分析：我们再强调一下推理题的做法，其他选项不对就一定是出现了错误的点，不存在“选项是文章事实，不是暗示，所以错误”的情况。A选项错在driven，文章没有说这些蜜蜂是被赶去其他国家的。C选项跟文章相背，文章最后一句话说“看起来好像没有东西能阻止它们北上”。D选项违背原文，蜜蜂更喜欢巴西的话就不会迁徙了。大家自己做推理题时也一定要仔细思考干扰选项错误的点在哪里，而不要说某选项是文章明示细节，所以错误。

全文翻译

科学实验有时会出错，并且当它们出错时所造成的后果大小不一，可以是大灾难，也可以是小麻烦。大约50年前，这样一个实验就在南美洲出现了。它的最终后果会造成严重的破坏还是仅仅一个小麻烦，这仍然有待观察。

这个故事始于1956年，一个在巴西工作的美国人决定解决增加该国蜜蜂产量的问题。他从坦桑尼亚引进了一种非常活跃的非洲蜜蜂，然后将它与一种更加温和的当地蜂种进行交配，培育出了一个新蜂种。这些新蜜蜂干活更加勤劳并且产出双倍的蜜。这似乎意味着科尔教授（这个科学家的名字）的实验获得了全面的成功。

但是，事情开始变糟。由于一些至今仍未知的原因，也可能由于它们环境中某些东西的原因，这些新蜜蜂开始形成极强的攻击性。它们变得脾气差，易发怒，还攻击当地蜜蜂并且将它们驱逐出住处。

但接下来还有更糟的。在完全占据了乡下之后，这种新蜜蜂用它们那危险的刺，开始攻击它们的邻居们——猫、狗、马、鸡以及最终是人类。一段漫长的恐怖期开始了，并且迄今为止它们已经杀死了大量的动物以及大约150个人。

这些蜜蜂待在巴西就已经够糟了。可如今它们正在迁移。无数只蜜蜂正密密麻麻地一路向北朝着中北美洲挺进，并且以每年200英里的惊人速度继续前进着。位于它们路线之内的国家自然很担心，因为似乎没什么办法能阻止它们。

2006北京C

Why I Don’t Spare“Spare Change”

“Poor but honest.”“The deserving（值得帮助的）poor.”These words always come to my mind when I think of“the poor”.But I also think of people who，perhaps through alcohol（酒）or drugs，have ruined not only their own lives but also the lives of others in order to give way to their own pleasure.Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction（上瘾）really are“diseases”，as many people say，but my own feeling—based，of course，not on any serious study—is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the“undeserving poor”.And that is largely why I don’t give spare change to beggars.

But surely among the street people there are also some who can rightly be called“deserving”.Deserving what？My spare change？Or simply the government’s assistance？It happens that I have been brought up to believe that it is proper to make contributions to charity（慈善机构），but if I give some change to a beggar，am I making a contribution to charity and thereby helping someone，or，am I perhaps simply encouraging someone not to get help？Or，maybe even worse，am I supporting a cheat？

If one believes in the value of private charity，one can either give to needy people or to charitable organizations.In giving to a beggar one may indeed be helping a person who badly needs help，but one cannot be certain that one is giving to a needy person.In giving to an organization，on the other hand，one can feel that one’s money is likely to be used wisely.True，facing a beggar one may feel that this particular unfortunate person needs help at this moment—a cup of coffee or a sandwich—and the need will not be met unless I put my hand in my pocket right now.But I have come to think that the beggars whom I meet can get along without my spare change，and indeed perhaps they are actually better off for not having money to buy alcohol or drugs.

I know nothing about these beggars，but it’s my impression that they simply prefer begging to working.I am not generalizing about street people.I am talking about the people whom I actually meet.That’s why I do not give“spare change”，and I don’t think I will in the future.

64.What does the author think of beggars who take drugs?

A.They should be given a check-up. B.They really need money to live.

C.They have no pleasure in life. D.They are not worth helping.

65.Why doesn’t the author give money to street people?

A.He doesn’t think they need help.

B.He doesn’t have enough money to give.

C.He is not convinced they will use it rightly.

D.He believes they can get help from the government.

66.In the second paragraph，the author presents his idea by____.

A.asking questions for people to think about B.giving examples to support his argument

C.raising questions and answering them D.expressing his opinions directly

67.Which of the following opinions does the author accept?

A.Drug addiction is a disease. B.Some street people are poor and needy.

C.Most beggars have received enough help. D.Charitable organizations handle money properly.

核心词汇及短语

■give way to

释义：给……让路；屈服，投降

例句：We did not give way to bitterness.

译文：我们没有屈服于苦难。

■assistance

释义：n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备

搭配：emergency assistance紧急救援

例句：Any assistance you could give the police will be greatly appreciated by us.

译文：对于您能给警方的任何帮助，我们不胜感谢。

■better off

释义：经济状况好的，富裕的；状况好的

例句：We have to do that now，because it will actually make our businesses and our families better off.

译文：我们现在得行动了，因为那样会确实让我们的事业和家庭更美好。

■generalize

释义：vt. 概括；推广；使……一般化

例句：You need to be able to generalize knowledge and transfer it between circumstances to suc-ceed.

译文：您需要具有归纳知识并将其应用到其他情况的能力，这样才能成功。

难句分析

01 True，facing a beggar one may feel that this particular unfortunate person needs help at this moment—a cup of coffee or a sandwich—and the need will not be met unless I put my hand in my pocket right now.

【句子主干】True，one may feel that this particular unfortunate person needs help and the need will not be met

【句法分析】句子主干是并列句，and之前的句子中的facing a beggar为动名词短语做状语，that this particular unfortunate person needs help是that引导的表语从句，做feel的表语；at this moment介词短语在句中做状语，表明是在此刻需要帮助；a cup of coffee or a sandwich是插入语，补充说明help；unless I put my hand in my pocket right now是unless引导的条件状语从句，做and之后句子的状语。

【参考译文】事实上，面对一个乞丐时，你可能认为这个极其不幸的人此刻需要帮助——一杯咖啡或者一个三明治——并且这种需要只有在我立即从口袋中掏出钱来时才能被满足。

答案解析

64.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用beggars who take drugs定位，找到第一段中：Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction（上瘾）really are“diseases”，as many people say，but my own feeling—based，of course，not on any serious study—is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the“undeserving poor”.在这个句子中，定位词对应到的是drug addicts，从这句话可以判断，作者对这样的行乞者持负态度，认为他们不值得帮助，故D选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项中check-up没有来源。B选项态度与文章相反。C选项没有来源。

65.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：根据题干信息可定位到第一段，可第一段说的原因是作者认为他们不值得帮助，所以不施舍给他们钱，没有答案可以对应。从文章第三段最后一句：But I have come to think that the beggars whom I meet can get along without my spare change，and indeed perhaps they are actually better off for not having money to buy alcohol or drugs.可知作者认为不给钱的话对行乞者更好，因为他们就没钱去买酒或毒品了。这可以成为作者不施舍的原因，所以C选项正确。选项中be not convinced含义为“不相信”。

错误选项分析：A选项错在need，作者认为他们不值得帮助，并没有说他们不需要帮助。如果这个need改成deserve，这个选项就正确了。这个选项很有迷惑性，一定要细心。B和D选项没有来源。

66.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于结构题

【解析】正确选项分析：作者在第二段提出了一系列问题，引导读者进行思考，答案已经蕴含在这一系列问题中，对应答案为A选项。

错误选项分析：B和D选项好排除。C选项，作者并没有去回答这些问题，只是在引导读者思考，让读者自己得出答案。

67.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：这道题需要分散定位，对选项逐一进行判断。从第二段首句：But surely among the street people there are also some who can rightly be called“deserving”.可知作者认为这些行乞者中有些还是值得帮助的，故B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项定位到第一段中：Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction（上瘾）really are“diseases”，as many people say，but my own feeling—based，of course，not on any serious study—is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the“undeserving poor”.这里but表达了作者意见与前面相反，故作者不认为这是疾病。C选项没有来源。D选项用charitable organization定位到第三段中：In giving to an organization，on the other hand，one can feel that one’s money is likely to be used wisely.说的是人们把钱捐给慈善机构会“觉得”钱被合理地使用了，并没有真正说慈善机构用钱的情况；而且文中还用了“可能”，选项当中则无此词。

全文翻译

“贫困但诚实。”“值得帮助的穷人。”当我想到“穷人”时，这些字眼总是浮现在我的脑海里。但我也会想到那些人，他们可能酗酒或吸毒，为了沉溺于自己的快乐，不仅毁了他们自己的生活，而同时也毁了别人的生活。也许像许多人说的那样，酗酒和毒瘾真的是“疾病”，但我认为——当然不是基于任何正式调研——大多数酒鬼和吸毒者都属于“不值得帮助的穷人”。并且这就是我不给乞丐零钱的主要原因。

当然了，在那些流浪街头的人中，也有一些可以被恰当地称为“值得帮助的穷人”。值得什么呢？是我的零钱？还只是政府救助？恰巧，我一直相信向慈善机构捐赠是件好事，但是如果我给了一个乞丐一些零钱，那我是不是向慈善机构作了笔捐赠并因此帮助了他人了呢，或者，我也许只是在鼓励他人不要接受帮助呢？或者，更糟糕的是，我是不是在支持一场诈骗呢？

如果你相信私人慈善的价值，你可以将钱施舍给穷人或者捐赠给慈善机构。施舍给一个乞丐，你也许确实在帮助某个迫切需要帮助的人，但是你不能肯定你正在施舍给一个穷人。但是，捐赠给一个慈善机构，你会认为你的钱可能花得很明智。事实上，面对一个乞丐时，你可能认为这个极其不幸的人此刻需要帮助——一杯咖啡或者一个三明治——并且这种需要只有在我立即从口袋中掏出钱来时才能被满足。但是，我开始认为我遇见的这些乞丐没有我的零钱照样可以生活下去，而且要是他们不把钱花在买酒或毒品上，认为他们甚至可能生活得更好。

我对这些乞丐了解甚少，但在我的印象中他们只是更喜欢乞讨，而不是工作。我并不是在概括所有的街头流浪者。我只是在谈我真正遇见的那些人。那就是我不施舍“零钱”的原因，而且我认为我以后也不会。

2006四川D

Eat your vegetables.Wash your hands.Always say“please”and“thank you”.We are full of advice for our children，but when it comes to money，we often have little to say.As a result，our children may grow up with clean hands and good manners，but without any idea how to manage their money.

Here are some basics that will help guide them their entire lives：

Show them the future.If your 13-year-old girl were to save$1,000，invest（投资）it at 8%and add$100 every month，by the time she’s 65，she would have$980,983！

Be careful of credit（信用）.Credit cards can help you buy necessary things and build a credit history，but they must be used responsibly，which means paying off your debt in time.Explain to your children that when you buy something using a credit card，you can easily end up paying two or three times what you would have paid if you used cash.

Teach patience.Suppose your child wants a new bicycle that costs$150.Rather than paying the cash，give him some regular pocket money and explain that by putting aside，say，$15 each week，he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.

Provide incentive.Tell your children the importance of saving.“For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend，you agree to add another dollar to the pot，”says Cathy Pareto，expert in money planning.

Explain your values.Values and money are deeply intertwined，says Eilleen Gallo，co-author of The Financially Intelligent Parent.When your child demands that you buy something，explain why you really don’t want to buy it.“You might say，‘I’d rather save that money for your education，’”advises Gallo.Every time you spend or don’t spend money，you have a chance to share your values.

67.The writer gives some basics to help____in a proper way.

A.parents teach their children how to deal with money

B.children follow their parents’instructions

C.children manage their money

D.parents save their money

68.The writer thinks that，if a child wants to buy something，his parents should____.

A.give him some regular pocket money

B.encourage him to put money away for it

C.explain to him the importance of investment

D.tell him to save some money by using a credit card

69.The underlined word“incentive”in Paragraph 6 means____.

A.honor B.praise C.excitement D.encouragement

70.What leads the writer to write this article?

A.Parents want to know how to educate their children.

B.He wants to share his good ideas about money matters.

C.He thinks money management the most important for children.

D.Parents care little about their children’s management of money.

核心词汇及短语

■when it comes to

释义：当提到；就……而论

例句：When it comes to diet and exercise，we know what to do，but we don’t do what we know.

译文：当提到饮食和运动的时候，我们都知道怎么去做，但是我们不会按照我们知道的去做。

■pay off

释义：付清；取得成功；贿赂；报复

例句：John studied hard before the examination，and it paid off.

译文：约翰考试前学习很刻苦，因而得到了回报。

答案解析

67.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：从选项可以看出本题考查文章针对的读者人群和内容，根据文章第一段最后一句：As a result，our children may grow up with clean hands and good manners，but without any idea how to manage their money.和第二段：Here are some basics that will help guide them their entire lives：…既然文章是告诉人们如何引导孩子，那针对的读者群体应该是家长，而不是孩子，内容是如何理财，故A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B和C选项搞错了对象，这些方法不是帮助孩子的，而是帮助家长去引导孩子。D选项，文章不是告诉家长如何省钱。

68.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位“孩子想买东西”，找到第五段中：Rather than paying the cash，give him some regular pocket money and explain that by putting aside，say，$15 each week，he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.可知当孩子要买某样东西的时候，不要一下就买，而是不断给他少量的钱，让他养成储蓄的习惯，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项是一个正确细节，但不是重点所在。要判断这一点，我们需要看清楚整个段落结构。段落的主题句是：Teach patience.由此可知作者在用一个买东西的例子告诉我们如何培养孩子的耐心，所以让孩子养成储蓄的习惯才是关键，这才是家长应该做的事情，只给孩子零花钱是不够的。C选项中“investment（投资）”和D选项中“credit card（信用卡）”没有来源。

69.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于词义／句意题

【解析】正确选项分析：划线词处于观点句中，只读这个句子是没有办法推知该词含义的。后面在举例子，于是我们可以根据它来推知观点句的意思。例子在说“孩子如果存一美元，家长可以再拿一美元投入孩子的钱罐”，可知家长要对孩子的储蓄行为表示“鼓励”，D选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项“荣誉”和C选项“兴奋”没有来源，好排除。B选项“赞扬”，这指的是口头的表扬，跟文章例子内容不符。

70.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于主旨题

【解析】正确选项分析：文章在开篇中提到父母对于孩子如何管钱注意的不够，该文章的目的是帮助家长引导孩子学会理财，对应D选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项没有提到文章的主题概念“理财”。B选项，文章是帮助家长引导孩子，故这个选项偏离了文章内容。C选项出现极端词most，可直接排除。

全文翻译

吃完你的蔬菜。洗干净你的手。每次都说“请”和“谢谢”。我们总是对我们的孩子提出很多建议，但当谈到钱时，我们往往没有什么要说的。结果，我们的孩子可能长大后有干净的手和良好的举止，但是对如何掌管钱却一无所知。

这里有一些基本原则，将有助于引导他们的一生。

让他们看到未来。如果你13岁的女儿打算存1000美金，让她拿出8%用来投资并且每月添加100美金，到她65岁时，她会有980983美元！

注意信用。信用卡可以帮你买到必需的物品并建立信用记录，但是你应该负责任地使用它们，这意味着你必须及时还清你的欠款。向你的孩子解释，当你使用一张信用卡买东西时，你很有可能到头来付了你用现金进行支付的两到三倍的费用。

教导耐心。假如你的孩子想要一辆价值150美元的全新自行车。不要给他现金，而是给他一些固定的零花钱，然后存储起来；向他解释说，每周15美元，只要10周他就能够为自己买辆自行车了。

给予激励。告诉你的孩子储蓄的重要性。“对于每一美元，他或她同意储存并投资而不是花掉，你就同意往存钱罐里再增添一美元，”理财规划专家凯蒂·帕累托说道。

解释你的价值观。价值与金钱关系盘根错节，《高财商的父母》一书的合著者艾琳·加洛如是说。当你的孩子要求你买东西时，解释给他听你不想买的理由。“你可以说，‘我要把这些钱存起来供你上学用，’”加洛建议道。每当你花钱或不花钱的时候，你都有机会去分享你的价值观。

2006安徽B

People fell in love with Elizabeth Taylor in 1944，when she starred in National Velvet—the story of Velvet Brown，a young girl who wins first place in a famous horse race.At first，the producers of the movie told Taylor that she was too small to play the part of Velvet.However，they waited for her for a few months as she

exercised and trained—and added three inches to her height in four months！Her acting in National Velvet is

still considered the best by a child actress.Elizabeth Taylor was born in London in 1932.Her parents，both Americans，had moved there for

business reasons.When World War II started，the Taylor moved to Beverly Hills，California，and there

Elizabeth started acting in movies.After her success as a child star，Taylor had no trouble moving into adult

（成人）roles and won twice for Best Actress：Butterfield 8（1960）and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf？

（1966）Taylor’s fame（名声）and popularity gave her a lot of power with the movie industry，so she was able to

demand very high pay for her movies.In 1963，she received$1 million for her part in Cleopatra—the highest

pay received by any star up to that time.Elizabeth Taylor is a legend（传奇人物）of our time.Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet，she has

been lucky：she has beauty，fame and wealth.But she is also a hard worker.Taylor seldom acts in movies any

more.Instead，she puts her time and efforts into her businesses，and into helping others—several years ago，

she founded an organization that has raised more than$40 million for research and education.

60.The producers didn’t let Taylor play the part of Velvet at first because they thought she____.

A.was small in size B.was too young

C.did not play well enough D.did not show much interest

61.What Elizabeth Taylor and Velvet Brown had in common was that they were both____.

A.popular all their lives B.famous actresses

C.successful when very young D.rich and kind-hearted

62.Taylor became Best Actress at the age of____.

A.12 B.28 C.31 D.34

63.In her later life，Elizabeth Taylor devoted herself to____.

A.doing business and helping others B.turning herself into a legend

C.collecting money for the poor D.going about research and education work

核心词汇及短语

■star

释义：①vi. 担任主角

例句：The previous year Adolphson had starred in a play in which Ingrid had been an extra.

译文：上个年度阿道夫森曾主演了一部戏，在该戏中英格丽德是临时演员。

②n.星，恒星；明星；星形物

搭配：film star电影明星

例句：By now Murphy is Hollywood’s top malecomedy star.

译文：现在墨菲已是好莱坞顶级男喜剧明星。

■popularity

释义：n.普及，流行；名气；受大众欢迎

搭配：universal popularity名扬海外

例句：The story had an extensive popularity among American readers.

译文：这本小说在美国读者中赢得了广泛的声望。

答案解析

60.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中part of Velvet进行定位，找到文章第一段中：At first，the producers of the movie told Taylor that she was too small to play the part of Velvet.可知是犹豫Taylor的个子太小，所以不能扮演这个角色，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题定位准确后可直接选出答案。

61.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：此题需要定位Elizabeth Taylor和Velvet Brown之间的比较，在文章最后一段中：Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet，she has been lucky：she has beauty，fame and wealth.可知她们都很成功。再根据第一段中：People fell in love with Elizabeth Taylor in 1944，when she starred in National Velvet—the story of Velvet Brown，a young girl who wins first place in a famous horse race.可知Velvet Brown是年少成功，第一段中说Elizabeth Taylor也是年少成功，C选项正确。

错误选项分析：A选项中all为极端词汇，直接排除。B选项，Velvet Brown不是演员。D选项中kind-hearted没有来源。

62.【答案】B 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中Best Actress进行定位，找到第二段中：Elizabeth Taylor was born in London in 1932.和…won twice for Best Actress：Butterfield 8（1960）and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf？（1966），可知她第一次得“最佳女演员奖”是28岁，B选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题定位准确后可直接选出答案。

63.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：对应文章最后一段中：Instead，she puts her time and efforts into her businesses，and into helping others，可知她致力于两件事，即自己的生意以及帮助别人，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：B选项没有来源。C选项中the poor没有来源，文章只讲她帮助别人，没有具体到为穷人募集资金。D选项，文章讲的是她为研究和教育筹钱，没有说她自己投身这些领域。

全文翻译

人们爱上了伊丽莎白·泰勒，是因为她1944年主演了《玉女神驹》——威薇·布朗的故事，即一名年轻的小女孩在一次著名的赛马比赛中获得第一名的故事。起初，电影制作人告诉泰勒她太娇小了，还不能扮演威薇这个角色。尽管如此，他们还是等了她几个月，让她练习和锻炼——并且在四个月内她的身高增加了三英寸！她在《玉女神驹》中的表现至今仍被认为是一名儿童演员的巅峰之作。

伊丽莎白·泰勒1932年出生于伦敦。她的父母都是美国人，因为事业原因早年移居到了那里。当第二次世界大战爆发时，泰勒全家搬到了加利福尼亚的比佛利山庄，并在那里伊丽莎白开始出演电影。在她成功地成为一名童星后，泰勒顺利地转变到成人角色中并且两次赢得了“最佳女演员奖”：《巴特菲尔德第八》（1960）和《灵欲春宵》（1966）。

泰勒的声望和人气赋予了她在电影界很大的影响力，因此她能够为她的影片要求很高的片酬。1963年，她因出演《埃及艳后》而获得了100万美元的片酬——这是当时所有明星获得过的片酬中的最高片酬。

伊丽莎白·泰勒是我们这个时代的一位传奇人物。像《玉女神驹》中的威薇·布朗一样，她一直都很幸运：她拥有美丽、名望和财富。但她也是一个工作很努力的人。泰勒很少出演电影了。相反，她把她的时间和精力都投入到她的事业以及帮助别人中——几年前，她创办了一个组织并且已经筹集了4000多万美元用于研究和教育。

2006安徽D

To extinguish（熄灭）different kinds of fires，several types of fire extinguishers have been invented.They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out.Most portable（手提式的）kinds operate for less than a minute，so they are useful only on small fires.The law requires ships，trains，buses and planes to carry extinguishers.

Since fuel，oxygen（氧气）and heat must be present in order for fire to exist，one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire.If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature，the fire goes out.The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire.Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.

Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen.This is usually done by covering the fire with sand，steam or some other things.A blanket may be used do cover a small fire.

A third method is called separation，which includes removing the fuel，or material easy to burn，from a fire，so that it can find no fuel.

The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire.Fires have been grouped in three classes.Fires in wood，paper，cloth and the like are called Class A fires.These materials usually help keep thefire on.Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.

68.If a fire breaks out on a bus，which of the following should be ready there for you to use?

A.Sand. B.Water. C.A blanket. D.An extinguisher.

69.To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the fire is an example of____.

A.separating the fire B.reducing the heat

C.removing the fuel D.cutting off the oxygen

70.In choosing how to put out a fire，we should first be clear about____.

A.when it breaks out B.how it comes about

C.what kind it is D.where it takes place

71.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A.Another class of fires. B.Another type of extinguishers.

C.How fires break out. D.How fires can be prevented.

核心词汇及短语

■immediate

释义：adj. 立即的；直接的；最接近的

搭配：immediate boss直接主管；immediate cause直接原因

例句：These tragic incidents have had an immediate effect.

译文：这些悲惨事件已经有了立竿见影的影响。

■break out

释义：爆发；突发；脱逃，逃出（监狱）

例句：He was 29 when the war broke out.

译文：战争爆发时他29岁。

■separation

释义：n. 分离，分开；间隔，距离

例句：He believes in the separation of the races.

译文：他信奉种族隔离政策。

■readily

释义：adv.容易地；乐意地；迅速地

例句：I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed.

译文：我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。

答案解析

68.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中的bus进行定位，找到第一段中：The law requires ships，trains，buses and planes to carry extinguishers.可知D选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题定位正确后可直接选出答案。

69.【答案】D 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：这道题的考法很有特点，高考中并不常见。文章给的是抽象方法，这里问这个例子属于哪种方法，题干中的信息在文章中是没有具体对应的。我们理解清楚文章灭火的方法，可知题干中的例子就是切断氧气的方法，故D选项正确。

错误选项分析：读清楚文章三种方法后可直接选出答案。

70.【答案】C 【考点】这道题属于细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：定位到文章第五段，根据：The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire.可知C选项正确。

错误选项分析：其他选项都没有来源。

71.【答案】A 【考点】这道题属于结构题

【解析】正确选项分析：我们要分析清楚最后一段中的结构：The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire.Fires have been grouped in three classes.Fires in wood，paper，cloth and the like are called Class A fires…最后一段首句表明这个段落要写火灾的种类，后面写分三类，但下面只写了其中一种，那么接下来就该写其他种类的火灾了，A选项正确。

错误选项分析：此题分析清楚最后一段的结构后可直接选出答案。

全文翻译

为了熄灭不同种类的火灾，好几种灭火器已经被发明出来了。当火灾发生时，它们必须便于立即使用。大多数手提式灭火器操作起来不到一分钟，不过它们只对小型火灾有用。法律规定，轮船、火车、汽车以及飞机上必须配有灭火器。

因为燃料、氧气和热度必须同时具备，火才能继续存在。要熄灭一场火，这些物质中的一样或更多必须被移除掉或减少。如果通过将物质冷却到一定温度以下来减少热度，那么火就会熄灭。冷却法是扑灭一场火的最常用手段。水是最好的冷却物质，因为它成本低、易获取。

另一种灭火方法是通过切断氧气来源。这种方法常常通过用沙子、气雾或其他物质覆盖火源来实现。

第三种方法称为分离法，它包括从一场火灾中分离出燃料或易燃物质，以使火源失去燃料供应。

采用哪种方法去扑灭一场火取决于火的类型。火已经被分组为三类。木材、纸张、衣服等引发的火称为A类火。这些物质常常有助于维持火的继续燃烧。通过用水冷却，这类火能最为迅速地被终止。