子项目二 商务宴请 Module II Banquet Reception
1.口译技巧 Interpreting Skills
Directions: Try to finish the following two exercises and learn the translating skills of Chinese dishes.
(1) Which method is adopted in translating the following Chinese dishes?
猪肉炖粉条 Braised Pork with Vermicelli
____________________________________________________________________
五味牛腱 Spicy Beef Shank
____________________________________________________________________
水晶萝卜 Sliced Turnip with Sauce
____________________________________________________________________
咕噜肉 Sweet and Sour Pork with Fat
____________________________________________________________________
回锅肉片 Sautéed Sliced Pork with Pepper and Chili
____________________________________________________________________
毛家红烧肉 Braised Pork, Mao's Family Style
____________________________________________________________________
鱼香肉丝 Fried Shredded Pork with Sweet and Sour Sauce
____________________________________________________________________
酥皮牛柳 Crispy Beef Filet
(2) Sight interpret the following Chinese dishes into English.
1 Roast Whole Lamb
2 Kung Pao Chicken
3 Sautéed Shredded Pork with Green Pepper
4 西红柿炒蛋
5 红烧牛肉
6 糖醋排骨
中餐菜名的翻译 Translating Chinese Dishes
中国饮食文化博大精深,历史悠久,风味流派众多。不仅拥有“四大风味”(Four Flavors)和“八大菜系”(Eight Regional Cuisines),还有许多地方性风味小吃(Local Delicacies)。从小吃到大餐,中国各地名吃举不胜举,千滋百味的名馔佳肴折射出中国深厚的饮食文化传统和个性鲜明的地域文化。
《美食译苑——中文菜单英文译法》
为了规范中华美食的英文译名,北京市人民政府外事办公室在2012年编辑出版了《美食译苑——中文菜单英文译法》一书,对中文菜单的英译制定了一些翻译的原则和方法,现归纳总结如下。
一、以主料开头的翻译原则
(1)介绍菜肴的主料和辅料
主料(形状)+ with +辅料
例如:牛肉豆腐 Beef with Tofu,杏仁鸡丁 Chicken Cubes with Almond
(2)介绍菜肴的主料和配汁
主料(形状)+ with/in +汤汁(sauce, soup, oil等)
例如:酱牛肉 Beef in Brown Sauce,葱油鸡 Chicken in Scallion Oil
二、以烹制方法开头的翻译原则
(1)介绍菜肴的烹法和主料
烹法(动词过去分词)+主料(形状)
例如:火爆腰花 Sautéed Pig Kidney,煎猪柳 Pan-fried Pork Fillet
(2)介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和辅料
烹法(动词过去分词)+主料(形状)+ with +辅料
例如:冬菜扣肉 Braised Pork with Preserved Vegetables,炸肉茄盒 Deep-fried Eggplant with Pork Stuffing
(3)介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和汤汁
烹法(动词过去分词)+主料(形状)+ with/in +汤汁
例如:辣子肉 Sautéed Pork with Spicy Sauce,红烧狮子头 Braised Pork Ball in Brown Sauce
三、以形状或口感开头的翻译原则
(1)介绍菜肴的形状或口感以及主辅料
形状/口感+主料+ with +辅料
例如:八宝鸭丁 Diced Duck with Eight Delicacies,脆皮三丝卷 Crispy Rolls with Shredded Pork, Sea Cucumber, and Bamboo Shoot
(2)介绍菜肴的形状或口感以及主料和汤汁
形状/口感+主料+ with/in +汤汁
例如:水煮牛肉 Sliced Beef in Chili Oil,黄酒脆皮虾仁 Crispy Shrimps with Rice Wine Sauce
(3)介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料
口感+烹法+主料
例如:水煮嫩鱼 Tender Stewed Fish,香煎鸡块 Fragrant Fried Chicken
四、以人名或地名开头的翻译原则
(1)介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料
人名(地名)+主料(或加注释)
例如:麻婆豆腐 Ma Po Tofu (Sautéed Tofu in Hot and Spicy Sauce)
(2)介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料
人名(地名)+烹法+主料(或加注释)
例如:北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck,东坡煨肘 Dongpo Stewed Pork Joint
五、使用Style的翻译方法
(1)做法(动词过去式)/口感+主料+地名+ style
例如:川式煎鹅肝 Fried Goose Liver, Sichuan Style,港式脆皮虾 Crispy Shrimps, Hong Kong Style,江南百花鸡 Stuffed Chicken, Yangtze Delta Style
(2)家常菜译为Home-style
例如:家常蛋汤 Home-style Egg Soup,家常饼 Home-style Pancake
六、使用汉语拼音加英文注释的翻译方法
例如:汤圆 Tangyuan (Glutinous Rice Balls),油条 Youtiao (Deep-fried Dough Sticks),粽子Zongzi (Glutinous Rice Wrapped in Bamboo Leaves)
七、使用归化的翻译方法
有的菜名尤其是一些地方风味小吃,可以使用类似的西方菜肴名称进行翻译。
例如:盖浇面 Chinese-style Spaghetti
八、注意事项
1 我们在翻译中餐菜名的时候,一方面应该采用写实性命名法,尽量将菜肴的原料、烹制方法、味形等翻译出来,让外宾一目了然;另一方面也应尽量保留菜肴中的文化内涵和民族特色,在有的口译场合甚至可以用阐释的方式介绍菜名中的典故、传说等。
2 中餐菜名的译法是灵活多样的,每道菜都可以从不同的角度入手进行翻译,至于采取哪种译法,可根据个人习惯和具体情况确定。
2.词汇准备 Vocabular y Preparation
Directions: Read the following words and phrases. Keep them in mind and get ready for the field interpreting. Then try to find more to enrich your language bank.
Words
1. appetizer /,æpɪtaɪzə(r)/ n. 开胃菜
2. appetizing /,æpɪtaɪzɪŋ/ adj. 开胃的
3. baked /beɪkt/ adj. 烘焙的
4. banquet /,bæŋkwɪt/ n. 宴会
5. braised /breɪzd/ adj. 炖的
6. cuisine /kwɪ,ziːn/ n. 烹饪;烹饪法
7. dessert /dɪ,zɜːt/ n. 餐后甜食
8. entertain /,entə,teɪn/ v. 款待
9. ingredient /ɪn,gri:diənt/ n. 成分;原料
10. inviting /ɪn,vaɪtɪŋ/ adj. 诱人的
11. napkin /,næpkɪn/ n. 餐巾纸
12. pan-fried /pæn fraɪd/ adj. 煎的
13. roasted /,rəʊstɪd/ adj. 烤的
14. salted /,sɔːltɪd/ adj. 腌制的
15. sautéed /,səʊteɪd/ adj. 清炒的
16. scalded /,skɔ:ldɪd/ adj. 白灼的
17. shredded /,ʃredɪd/ adj. 切丝的
18. sliced /,slaɪst/ adj. 切片的
19. smoked /,sməʊkt/ adj. 熏制的
20. specialty /,speʃəlti/ n. 特色菜
21. steamed /,stiːmd/ adj. 蒸的
22. stewed /,stju:d/ adj. 煨的;闷的;炖的
23. tissue /,tɪʃu:; ,tɪsju:/ n. 手巾纸
Phrases
1. buffet reception 冷餐招待会
2. business luncheon 商务聚餐
3. main course 主菜
4. propose a toast (to)致祝酒词
5. side dishes/sides 配菜
6. spicy hot 麻辣
7. staple food 主食
8. starter/the first course 头菜
9. strong/light flavor 重/清淡的口味
10. sweet and sour 糖醋
3.热身练习 Warm-up Exercises
Directions: Read the sentences in Part 1 and translate them into English. Then listen to the sentences in Part 2 and interpret them into Chinese. You can take notes in the space provided while interpreting.
口译练习
Part 1 C-E Translation
(1)我很高兴您能光临我们的宴会,请上座。
_________________________________________________________________________
(2)真正的中国菜讲究色、香、味、形。
_________________________________________________________________________
(3)中餐先上冷盘,而西餐则先上汤。
_________________________________________________________________________
(4)像这样用右手拿筷子,把两根筷子放在大拇指和食指之间。
_________________________________________________________________________
(5)这些菜看上去很诱人,真让人胃口大开!
_________________________________________________________________________
Part 2 E-C Interpretation
4.口译实战 Field Interpretation
Task 1 Banquet Reception
Directions: Role-play the conversation within a group. Evaluate the interpreter's performance within your group.
Chen:你们会用筷子吗?
Gates: Yes. Although it is our first visit to China, we often go to Chinese restaurants in New York and have learnt to manage chopsticks there.
Chen:那太好了。今天我想给你们介绍一些正宗的中国菜。中国人烧菜特别讲究“色、香、味、形”。一会儿上菜了我再为你们介绍。
After dishes are served
Chen:各位,不要拘束,请随便吃菜。
Gates: Oh. That's splendid. No wonder people say the Chinese are hospitable. The dishes are really tempting. How colorful and fragrant, and I bet they are delicious, and so beautifully presented.
Chen:我建议您尝一下这道咖喱土豆牛肉,这是这儿的特色菜。
Gates: Yes. It looks very appetizing. Mm... it is wonderful. It just hits the spot.
Chen:想喝点儿什么?白酒还是红酒?
Gates: Spirits is too strong for me. Just a glass of wine, please.
Chen:好的,我来给您倒酒。
Gates: Thank you.
Chen:我提议我们一起举杯为在座各位朋友的健康和友谊干杯!
Everyone: Cheers!
Chen:现在上的是最后一道——鸭汤。
Gates: In the West, dinner begins with soup while here in China it ends with soup. I learnt a lot about Chinese dietary customs today.
After the banquet
Chen:盖茨先生,您觉得今天的菜可口吗?
Gates: Yes. These dishes are all tasty, especially the curry beef with potatoes. Back in the United States, Chinese food is Americanized. It never tastes really Chinese.
Chen:我很高兴您喜欢。还要吃点什么吗?
Gates: No, thanks. I am positively full. At this point, I'd like to propose a toast to our friends. Mr. Chen, I wish your company a great success. To our friendship and cooperation, bottoms up.
Task 2 At a Chinese Banquet
Directions: Listen to the recording of Task 2. Take some notes in the space provided when necessary and interpret during the pauses with the aid of your notes.
口译练习
5.拓展练习 Supplementar y Practices
Part 1 Sentence Consolidation
Directions: Listen to the recording and interpret the sentences into Chinese or English during the pauses. You can take notes in the space provided while interpreting.
口译练习
Part 2 Skill Enhancement
On a Tour Bus
Directions: Role-play the conversation within a group of three or four. Evaluate the interpreters' performance within your group.
Guide:再过半小时我们就到美食街了。为使大家的旅途更加轻松愉快,我给大家介绍一些中国的餐桌礼仪和饮食习惯。
Visitor: Fantastic! I heard that the Chinese have a number of rules and customs associated with eating.
Guide:是的。你知道中餐和西餐最大的区别是什么吗?
Visitor: To me, the main difference is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares.
Guide:没错。而且有很多餐桌礼仪也与西方十分不同,比如筷子的使用。
Visitor: It's difficult. I had lots of practice before I can use chopsticks to eat noodles.
Guide:用筷子还有很多讲究呢!比如筷子不能竖直插在米饭里,要平放在餐具上。另外,茶壶嘴儿不能对着人,通常是冲着桌子外面没有人坐的方向。
Visitor: Sounds complicated. It could be very embarrassing if you don't pay attention to.
Guide:中方东道主不指望你知道所有的中餐礼仪。不过如果你能表现出对中餐礼仪有一些了解,他会非常高兴的。
Visitor: Tell me something about drinking. I heard drinking and toasting takes an important place in Chinese banquets.
Guide:敬酒是必不可少的。用餐前应首先由东道主向全体敬酒祝词,随后大家可以随意敬酒。可以是一对一单独敬,也可以对全桌人一起敬。
Visitor: But what if I do not drink alcohol?
Guide:如果你不喝酒,应该在餐前说明以免有人向你敬酒时尴尬。有时即使你说了自己不能喝酒,主人还是会出于礼貌盛情让酒。有一个不喝酒的办法就是告诉你的东道主你对酒精过敏。
Part 3 Related Expressions
Directions: Translate the following restaurant expressions into Chinese or English. Keep them in mind and try to make up a dialog with them.
(1) We want two number eights, please.
_________________________________________________________________________
(2) Many guests give high comments on the wine.
_________________________________________________________________________
(3) Please rush our order.
_________________________________________________________________________
(4) How do you like your steak done? (I'd like it) rare/medium/well-done.
_________________________________________________________________________
(5) They are nice to go with the red wine.
_________________________________________________________________________
(6)我以张晨的名字预订了四个人的餐桌。
_________________________________________________________________________
(7)请问您要点什么?
_________________________________________________________________________
(8)要堂食还是外带?
_________________________________________________________________________
(9)要一起买单还是各自付账?
_________________________________________________________________________
(10)这是12欧元,不用找零了。
_________________________________________________________________________
6.知识拓展 Knowledge Development
Directions: Read the following text and try to understand some knowledge about business etiquette of banquet interpretation.
宴会口译商务礼仪 Business Etiquette of Banquet Interpretation
一、正式宴会的流程
作为宴会口译人员,首先要熟悉宴会的程序、出席的人员、主要的饮食文化和风俗习惯等,以便顺利地完成口译任务。一般来说,正式宴会的程序如下:
1主人和其他陪同人员在门口迎接客人。
2客人与主人握手后,由工作人员引入休息厅,厅内有专人照料并送饮料。
3主宾到达后,由主人陪同进入休息厅与其他客人见面。
4 宾主双方在会客厅稍稍叙谈,期间将宴会桌次通知每一位出席者。
5 主人陪同主宾进入宴会厅,全体出席人员按指定位入席,宴会开始。
6 招待员顺次上菜。
中餐上菜顺序为:冷盘、酒(饮料)、热菜、汤、主食、水果。
西餐上菜顺序为:汤、主菜、沙拉、布丁、水果、甜食。
7 宴会主人致祝酒词,一般安排在上第一道菜之后或入座之后。
8 主宾在主人讲话后致答谢词。
9 吃完水果或甜食,主人与主宾起立,宴会结束。
10 主宾告辞,主人送至门口。主宾离去后,按原迎宾人员顺序排列,与其他客人握手道别。
二、宴会中的座次
译员在陪同外宾参加宴请时,应注意席间座次。不同场合和规格的宴请对译员的座次安排是不一样的。
正式的宴请一般会在椅背后或者餐桌上摆放姓名卡,按照卡片排位落座,译员的座位一般标注为“翻译”。如果未标明译员的位置,此时译员应找到主办方,询问席间是否需要翻译,交由主办方来安排座次。
在非正式的大型宴请中,译员甚至不上席,为了方便交流,译员一般坐在主人或主宾身后。
如果只是一般的宴请,译员应坐在主宾右侧或听从领导的安排。
三、宴会口译小贴士
1 宴会可以分为两个主要阶段,双方发表讲话时是比较正式的阶段,而席间交谈则显得不那么正式。译员的主要任务就是把宾主双方的介绍、祝酒词、答谢词和席间交谈等翻译出来。
2 大部分宴会都比较正式,但相对会谈和会议来说,宴会的气氛更轻松活跃,话题也可能包罗万象,例如涉及饮食文化的内容,译员应做好充分的译前准备。
3 在宴会上译员一般不做笔记,所以应着重传达意思。
4 当宴会上出现冷场的局面,译员可根据实际情况,灵活地提出一个不敏感的一般性话题,如菜肴的风味、最近的天气等,同时把内容告诉另一方,有效促进双方交流。
5 译员在宴会上吃东西要特别谨慎,尽量避免食用带骨头的、有刺的、难以吞咽的食物,以免突然有人讲话时措手不及。
6 在用餐期间,主宾需要翻译时,译员应注意先将口中食物吞咽完后再做翻译。
7 译员应将餐具拿稳放好以免打翻,夹菜时切忌在盘中挑拣。
8 译员要适时而吃,随时能译,不可自享美食,甚至贪杯,而应保持积极的工作状态。有时可能遇到主宾双方都忙于说话,使得译员几乎没有时间吃东西的情况,这时译员也只能以工作为重。
(注意:学习更多餐桌礼仪的知识可登录以下网站进行查阅 http://www.etiquettescholar.com/etiquette_scholar/dining_etiquette.html)