![日常生活中的发明原理](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/898/22739898/b_22739898.jpg)
第1部分 TRIZ发明原理入门
发明方法要符合科学,
而且必须符合科学。
——TRIZ首创者 根里奇·阿奇舒勒
TRIZ发明原理
TRIZ发明原理是什么?
TRIZ意为“创造性解决问题的理论”,是一个目前仍在继续发展的庞大的理论体系。本书所介绍的“发明原理”为TRIZ的原点,同时也是其他所有理论的基础。
正如前言介绍的,这些发明原理是在研究了大量专利的基础上创立的。
阿奇舒勒曾经是苏联专利审查员,在接触大量专利的过程中,他注意到了一个现象:在不同领域里,相同的问题和相同的解决方法总是会反复出现。
此外,阿奇舒勒还注意到了另一个事实:某个领域最近才获得解决的问题当中,其实有九成都已经在其他领域得到了解决。
所以阿奇舒勒最终提出了“解决问题的通用流程”。
面对有待解决的问题,人们有时可以根据过去已经解决的类似问题及其解决方法,顺利地类推出解决方法。
擅长解决问题的人,很多都是善于对过去解决过的问题进行引申的人。
不过,这样的话,要擅长解决问题,就要先解决过很多问题。这一点对我们来说,恐怕有点难。
此时可以用到TRIZ的发明原理。因为这些原理就是解决问题的通用流程,是从一个个具体问题的解决方法中提炼出来的。
也就是说,世界上数不胜数的“具体的解决方法”,都可以归结到这区区40个普遍性原理当中。
把这些原理作为解决问题的线索,既可以获得其他领域的新知识,同时还可以获得如何重新组合已有要素的重要启示。
本书从下一页开始,介绍了从“#1分割原理”到“#40复合材料原理”的内容。随着序号增大,发明原理逐渐从较为抽象的内容过渡到具体的解决方法。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0001.jpg?sign=1738956060-GVtCJhP60eCYf0ZpvDNEnf7PiQntzRHj-0-ced02b7e701347d8ecadec6a5a72af64)
1分割原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0002.jpg?sign=1738956060-PzNvwFUMQFPOCMwGawoB6hzT4U7Vmi21-0-fa51b751153409a842474072776d567d)
2分离原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0003.jpg?sign=1738956060-ioUSCq53TKxXk1AKgi5qVv9AfHpsGudZ-0-a8906d825870e221b6d72319e6f5aa6f)
3局部质量原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0004.jpg?sign=1738956060-0Ldxbx1HJw0EciYBUfed5Pg4I9PcvHzZ-0-5963502dad03304feae36a314d7e3274)
4非对称原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0005.jpg?sign=1738956060-bsU0xJy2D5UE6ySG0RLxLsZiXsKaHQlf-0-4ad133d371a0b984027d8df7c7159c04)
5合并原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0006.jpg?sign=1738956060-8hPyBOMeZ8uq1PszuMxwWOugGm0mYY1U-0-f541cb5d2aceaf3b6798bf33a29533b8)
6普遍性原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0007.jpg?sign=1738956060-hzaxuRdeCESxlG1DhughVTyYN4lAiavL-0-8aa13f5087d32df5fce63bfadfaffcda)
7嵌套原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0008.jpg?sign=1738956060-4IJ92jEsVt6HIEblfWgA29V7atzfrevG-0-5f4c63dfaf244028e726ca349232f72e)
8配重原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0009.jpg?sign=1738956060-ZMgkAHgtonBxbtXBNF6rBWdTIBxy8J3V-0-8bf5cf05bd26b1000b2778a7af4fd77b)
9预先反作用原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0010.jpg?sign=1738956060-N3EVgRsX4zO8pCwaPd7vjKKALezZYLlc-0-43a63411a114843bbc88971be71e0aa7)
10预先作用原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0011.jpg?sign=1738956060-5Ebdz91SeZZpPy35jwsf8IYm9bRe3Bkg-0-bd0c47ed73feeaffa9a128afcaa96388)
11预先防护原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0012.jpg?sign=1738956060-Lveh9eeN3uWXMTXEjsBPdIYjfwGHyXFi-0-a3ac9b9e3f95a3f67378e131b1a5eda8)
12等势原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0013.jpg?sign=1738956060-SU8fT6lzeMdkJoxbJltfCw8JGqJ7ytli-0-a80a69ca14a3a503b5e6c3933c2ba225)
13逆向思维原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0014.jpg?sign=1738956060-NVDuVSELAovmZK6GcOKKOA55IbZHv0tH-0-4b4882f2ece74a27455ab4a041ce6f78)
14曲面化原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0015.jpg?sign=1738956060-KIGZh0k2b3TucGMhsjLr2dOo3jZGmWpy-0-ff1ea3c12b71851d778fa7738ea9e710)
15动态化原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0016.jpg?sign=1738956060-JVv0poYKvSBzE4OqQWYewvburv0YYzUU-0-f85370402268a1c3e0dca81b124c13c6)
16不足或超额行动原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0017.jpg?sign=1738956060-PFiq95wOsQj6rtzcwbIH3vEncHTMXOwk-0-45b89fdf5f3bb59f46435f335ba88a84)
17维数变化原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0018.jpg?sign=1738956060-2dUP5Dmu2A8NSuy2tnY5t0iNtblyBENS-0-79fada0383f54cd63505517c6c8867ea)
18机械振动原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0019.jpg?sign=1738956060-3BVR4a6S3uKI1hsvws8WbQpKDLzLbAsM-0-5ddc16ab7279ee9ea7c3936c59f16c03)
19周期性动作原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0020.jpg?sign=1738956060-cIP6PhmnQDLZdqRpIg4gvTCPo2ErC7bq-0-4e84b6e2432ea1bf7272bb151fb8ced2)
20连续性原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0001.jpg?sign=1738956060-aEHt2xdreo5ujAajhnBTmJ6yjOExe3Df-0-37b339505bf73b1b8e1b6f25675e4c4f)
21高速运行原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0002.jpg?sign=1738956060-6wjaIsQMWkRLcy6ZETIVCEU4VJEwVxZ3-0-db3c3dcb89485ccedea91cf56794dc3d)
22变害为利原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0003.jpg?sign=1738956060-sTyuT3y0Rag5VK6W46nDslPiv7WowSAd-0-db655bfc3e4aae513dec293cc71fac41)
23反馈原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0004.jpg?sign=1738956060-QCWR5V7mDiyok0Vw18TMuDotE16pGRQp-0-2b673487ec8bb131a315707a4a4b4c5b)
24中介原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0005.jpg?sign=1738956060-TL4n180FIK0JoZZoqrGDgkslwhNYkqyK-0-0ae6c05746ac1bf3fa6c59b3a26f4058)
25自服务原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0006.jpg?sign=1738956060-6LsjHaPnu274AtWvTsxyKkaTrxjOGIxU-0-2af8012f4fd239235f59d2b5e5aa85e0)
26替代原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0007.jpg?sign=1738956060-VYaf2jPiehWwdvQIIUy5mSZL0z40qjPR-0-c9128c4919315a55e6997d16437c622e)
27一次性用品原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0008.jpg?sign=1738956060-P8fasm41MITWeAeUhpWOQFis7xzmtusx-0-3e7c3ff1c3f49023eb05ebbf5b038b16)
28机械系统的替代原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0009.jpg?sign=1738956060-A8b0oOw6qaGHM7KUG3FZJ6m94GS39gMT-0-8c290ae7636d905bc93f8a66a0cc0e7a)
29流体作用原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0010.jpg?sign=1738956060-H3TNXcn5q2CTQe35jTLgod2V8gGsOin9-0-4650594e0527bb19f6cbee22db9761da)
30薄膜原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0011.jpg?sign=1738956060-S4vVwZyxkULrMuHDVqOMHVe4afIrxYOK-0-63b15867f824ed20067b6c538f1f3ae3)
31多孔材料原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0012.jpg?sign=1738956060-EG81xDwb4e889swI6HobvY6AJ6tINhcn-0-d7660280b691d159831139da88a9a7a8)
32改变颜色原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0013.jpg?sign=1738956060-fUtCgB3rkEJ5lSbnXzgWUa2qa1MMdLl0-0-2f3bf169a5bdfa6b413d21fd50ede474)
33同质性原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0014.jpg?sign=1738956060-miLJEUL1ck8Ck93JdNye0sSIWDHG3IpS-0-47bfd3d8afbc83d2d7b6998193343456)
34抛弃或再生原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0015.jpg?sign=1738956060-uqMkVLaqzYtfpOnN5ocpOBjFQ1gwT3h0-0-f85ffa7d262073405d1eb9643a8a41f7)
35参数变化原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0016.jpg?sign=1738956060-Au4RW1jf3PIa5Nd8z19C7WyogCMs8GDL-0-62f255b5f164b5d961bf0938227afa30)
36相变原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0017.jpg?sign=1738956060-S47o0daI0oqrjU7PXjHfafmlrgR2OEdQ-0-3ccfa21c24ddc68ed6900d0aae23d173)
37 热膨胀原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0018.jpg?sign=1738956060-SL369etXadmXGpOwFabVPTk5B9LFdjc3-0-40c2a60098697028ed3d679733c50e41)
38加速氧化原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0019.jpg?sign=1738956060-xFd7K8uAw9igoJAF5HeoP5tWKVCJvuVM-0-73ba8aa139b9608c12cc004018ca4e99)
39惰性环境原理
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5F4475/11307641103128606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0020.jpg?sign=1738956060-oM03liNcqQwZgo7fpw3enEzS5moQdrw6-0-b82c3e3c6521938c371d90be949a2d31)
40复合材料原理