Word List 31

upon/ əˋpɒn / prep. 在…上面

[用] upon与on意义相同，但语气较为正式： The village stands upon a hill. 村庄坐落在一座小山上。

central/ ˋsentrəl / adj. 中心的，中央的；主要的

[记] 来自centre（n. 中心）

[例] the central government 中央政府 // a central figure 主要人物

walk/ wɔːk / n. 散步 v. 走路，步行

[例] She walks to school every day. 她每天走着去上学。

[考] 1. go for a walk 散步 2. walk out 走出 3. walk around（sth.） 四处走走；绕着某物走

intend/ Inˋtend / v. 想要，打算

[用] intend（sb.） to do sth. 打算（让某人）做某事： I didn't intend to stay outside for long. 我不打算在外面待太久。

[参] intended（adj. 有意的，故意的）

social/ ˋsəʊʃl / adj. 社会的；社交的；群居的

[例] Correct ideas come from social practice. 正确的思想来自社会实践。//The bee, like the ant, is a social insect. 蜜蜂同蚂蚁一样是群居性昆虫。// social reforms 社会改革

[参] society（n. 社会）

regard/ rIˋgaːd / v. 当做，看待 n. 关心，注意；致意

[考] 1. regard...as... 把…当做…： He regarded reading as a headache. 他把读书当成一件令人头疼的事。2. in/with regard to 关于： I've nothing to say with regard to your complaints. 对于你的投诉，我无话可说。

attach/ əˋtætʃ / vt. 系上，贴上

[记] 词根记忆：at（表加强）+tach（钉）→贴上，系上

[例] The girl attached a big bow to the birthday present. 女孩在生日礼物上系了一个大蝴蝶结。

pale/ peIl / adj. 苍白的，灰白的

[例] On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she went pale. 一听到煤矿出事的消息，她脸色变得苍白。

who/ huː / pron. 谁

[例] You are the only person here who knows me. 你是这儿唯一认识我的人。// They haven't found out who did it. 他们还没找出是谁干的这件事。

opinion/ əˋpInjən / n. 看法，见解

[例] Opinions are divided on the question. 人们对这个问题看法不一。

[考] 1. in one's opinion 在某人看来，某人认为 2. opinion on/about... 对…的看法或观点

comfortable/ ˋkʌmftəbl / adj. 舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的

[例] Many people like driving cars because they are fast and comfortable. 许多人喜欢开车，因为汽车快而舒适。

handy/ ˋhændi / adj. 便利的；手边的；附近的

[例] It is handy to do one's shopping by bus in big cities. 在大城市，乘公交车去购物很方便。

otherwise/ ˋʌðəwaIz / adv. 否则，要不然

[例] You'd better finish your homework now, otherwise you'll get into trouble. 你最好现在就完成作业，不然会有麻烦的。

add/ æd / v. 添加，增加

[考] 1. add...to... 把…加到…： Many words are added to the new edition of the dictionary. 这个新版本的词典里加了许多词。2. add to... 使…增加： The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。3. add up... 把…加起来： Please add up all the money I should pay. 请把我要付的钱全加起来。4. add up to... 总计达到…： The income adds up to 10，000 dollars. 收入总计为一万美元。

construction/ kənˋstrʌkʃn / n. 建造，建设；建筑物

[例] the construction industry 建筑业

[考] be under construction 修建中

virus/ ˋvaIrəs / n. 病毒

[例] We should be watchful of computer viruses. 我们应当警惕计算机病毒。

appear/ əˋpIə / vi. 出现；看来，似乎

[用] 注意：appear是不及物动词，因此不能用被动语态。作系动词时，与seem同义。

[例] The sun appeared on the horizon at five o'clock this morning. 今天清晨5点，太阳出现在地平线上。// The lost dog appears to be lonely. 那只迷路的小狗看起来很孤独。

dislike/ dIsˋlaIk / n./vt. 不喜欢，嫌恶

[记] 词根记忆：dis（不）+like（喜欢） →不喜欢

[例] He dislikes the books in the shop. 他不喜欢商店里的书。// They disliked the idea. 他们不喜欢这个主意。

anxiety/ æŋˋzaIəti / n. 忧虑；焦急

[例] Mary's anxieties prevented her from starting a new job. 玛丽焦虑不安，这使她无法开始新的工作。

lightning/ˋlaItnIŋ / n. 闪电

[记] 联想记忆：light（光） +ning→极强的光→闪电

cheerful/ ˋtʃIəfl / adj. 兴高采烈的，快活的

[例] The whole family are cheerful when hearing the piece of good news. 听到这条好消息时，全家人都很高兴。

international/ ˌIntəˋnæʃnəl / adj. 国际的

[记] 词根记忆：inter（在…之间）+nation（国家）+al（形容词后缀）→国家之间的→国际的

[例] Professor Lee will attend an international meeting next week. 李教授下周将参加一个国际会议。

indicate/ ˋIndIkeIt / vt. 指出，显示

[记] 词根记忆：in+dic（说）+ate（动词后缀）→说出→指出，显示

[例] These figures indicate that our sales are increasing. 这些数字表明我们的销售额在增加。

support/ səˋpɔːt / vt./n. 支持，赞助；赡养

[记] 词根记忆：sup+port（运送）→运送衣食以支持→支持

[例] The blacks' revolution won a nationwide support. 黑人的革命运动赢得了全国范围内的支持。// support a family 赡养一个家庭

[参] supporter（n. 支持者；拥护者）；supportive（adj. 支持的）

even/ ˋiːvn / adv. 甚至，更加，还要 adj. 平坦的

[用] even作副词，用于修饰名词、动词、比较级和状语，表示强调： Even my cat liked him. 甚至连我的猫都喜欢他。// Even more people now watch the show. 现在看这个节目的人更多了。

[考] 1. even if/though 即使 2. even so 即使这样

[参] uneven（adj. 不平坦的）

impossible/ Imˋpɒsəbl / adj. 不可能的，办不到的

[记] 联想记忆： 汤姆·克鲁斯（Tom Cruise）主演的动作电影Mission: Impossible 《碟中谍》（直译： 不可能的任务）

[例] It is impossible for Peter to win the first place this time. 这次彼得不可能获得第一名了。

[参] possible（adj. 可能的）

dignity/ ˋdIgnəti / n. 尊严；高贵

[记] 词根记忆：dign（有价值的）+ity（名词后缀）→高贵

[例] The black robes of judges show their dignity. 法官的黑色长袍显示出他们的威严。

escape/ IˋskeIp / v./n. 逃跑，逃脱；避开

[例] Three prisoners escaped. 有三个囚犯逃跑了。// The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury. 那两个官员没受重伤简直太幸运了。// He had a very narrow escape. 他死里逃生。

辨：escape, avoid

escape和avoid都有“逃避、避免”的意思。avoid是指避开某种有害的或不愿接近的东西，如： I avoided him as much as possible. 我尽可能避开他。escape往往指在已经遇到危险的时候，平安地逃避过去，如： He escaped punishment by the death of the only witness. 唯一的证人死了，这让他逃过了惩罚。

reason/ ˋriːzn / n. 理由，原因 v. 说服，劝说

[记] 和season（n. 季节） 一起记

[例] The reason why she was ill was that she had drunk cold water. 她是因为喝了凉水才生病的。

[参] reasoning（n. 推理）

辨：reason, cause, excuse

reason与conclusion（结论） 相对，指的是用来解释某种看法或行为的“理由”，常与for搭配使用：the reason for changing the plan 变更计划的理由；cause与effect（结果） 相对，指的是某个客观存在事件的直接原因，意为“起因”，常与of搭配使用：the cause of the fire 起火的原因；excuse意为“借口，托辞”，往往指为推卸责任或逃避惩罚而找的借口： Stop making excuses! 别再找借口了!

message/ ˋmesIdʒ / n. 消息，留言；要旨

[例] If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message. 如果我不在的时候有人来拜访，就让他/她留个信儿。// What is the message of this story? 这篇故事的主旨是什么？

[参] messenger（n. 报信者，使者）

also/ ˋɔːlsəʊ / adv. 也

[用] also与too, as well一样只能用于肯定句中，否定句中要用either。

[考] not only...but also... 不仅…而且…

suit/ suːt /vt. 适合 n. 一套（衣服）

[例] —How about eight o'clock outside the cinema? —That suits me fine. —八点在电影院外见怎么样？—那对我挺合适。

foggy/ ˋfɒgi / adj. 有雾的，多雾的

[例] London was once famous as the foggy capital in the world. 伦敦曾以雾都之名闻名于世。

collect/ kəˋlekt / v. 收集，搜集

[记] 词根记忆：col（表加强）+lect（收集）→收集

[例] I used to collect stamps when I was a kid. 小时候我曾经集过邮。

[参] collection（n. 收藏品，收集物）

future/ ˋfjuːtʃə / n. 将来

[参] futureless（adj. 无前途的；无希望的）

辨：in future, in the future

in future强调“今后”，相当于from now on: You should be more honest in job application in future. 你今后找工作时，可得诚实一些。而in the future强调“将来”，相当于in time yet to come: Will humans live on the moon in the future? 人类将来会在月球上居住吗？

joke/ dʒəʊk / n. 笑话

[例] Susan ended her speech with a funny joke. 苏珊用一个有趣的笑话结束了她的演讲。

violent/ ˋvaIələnt / adj. 暴力的；猛烈的

[例] a violent attack 猛烈的进攻

handle/ ˋhændl / vt. 处理 n. 柄，把手

[记] 词根记忆：hand（手） +le→方便用手操作的东西→柄，把手

[例] I was impressed by her handling of the affair. 我觉得她对此事的处理很不错。

单元自测题

1. There have been several new events ______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.（2006北京）

A. add

B. to add

C. adding

D. added

2. Parents ______ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.（2010江西）

A. attach

B. pay

C. link

D. apply

3. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ______ they have the interest.（2010安徽）

A. wherever

B. whenever

C. even if

D. as if

4. Over 500 people were trapped above the fire, for the building was built without any ______.

A. escape

B. safe

C. water

D. care

5. A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful ______ if we do something to stop progress.（2013湖南）

A. either

B. neither

C. too

D. also

6. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ______ the problem.（2008湖北）

A. handle

B. raise

C. face

D. present

7. There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.（2009浙江）

A. indicate

B. indicating

C. to indicate

D. to be indicating

8. — The trip shouldn't take more than an hour.

— ______. It is at least two hours.（2012陕西）

A. I guess so

B. That's it

C. You must be joking

D. It depends

9. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year.（2010湖南）

A. who

B. where

C. when

D. which

10. The fact that she never apologized ______ a lot about what kind of person she is.

（2008山东）

A. says

B. talks

C. appears

D. declares

11. — Has she had much ______ in teaching English?

— No. She is just a new hand.

A. base

B. future

C. energy

D. experience

12. It is reported that the police will soon ______ the case of two missing children.（2009江西）

A. look upon

B. look after

C. look into

D. look out

13. What's the ______ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?（2008福建）

A. sense

B. matter

C. case

D. opinion

14. We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______ about how they work.（2010四川）

A. we think

B. think we

C. we do think

D. do we think

15. You look pale. You'd better go to hospital to have a blood ______.

A. look

B. check

C. test

D. measure

答案：DACAA ABCAA DCADC