Word List 20
either/ ˋaIðə / adj./pron.(两者之中) 任一 conj. 或者,要么… adv. 也
[用] 1. either...or... 或者…或者…: Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember which. 布莱克博士不是来自牛津就是来自剑桥,我记不清了。 注意: 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近主语一致: Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了,就是我错了。2. 用于否定句或否定短语后,表示“也”: She asked no questions, and she didn't scold us either. 她什么也没问,也没有批评我们。
glance/ glɑːns / v./n. 扫视,匆匆一看
[记] 联想记忆:大街上瞥(glance) 美女,脚下失衡(balance)
[例] I liked the girl at first glance. 第一眼看见这个女孩,我就喜欢上了她。
[考] 1. glance at... 瞥眼看…,扫视… 2. glance through / over... 浏览…
arrange/ əˋreIndʒ / vt. 安排,布置
[记] 词根记忆:ar(表加强)+range(排列)→有序地排列→安排
[考] arrange...for... 安排: Bob arranged a party for Mary's birthday. 鲍勃为玛丽的生日安排了一个派对。
[参] arrangement(n. 安排,布置)
ahead/ əˋhed / adv. 在前,向前
[例] Our company is ahead of other makers in producing some parts for the airplane. 我们公司在飞机某些零部件的制造上比别的公司强。// go ahead 向前走
whole/ həʊl / adj. 完整的,所有的
[例] Mary did the whole job herself. 玛丽自己完成了所有的工作。
[考] on the whole 大体上,基本上 // the whole life 一生
frighten/ ˋfraItn / vt. 使惊恐,吓唬
[记] 联想记忆:fright(看作fight, 打架) +en→看打架,很害怕→使惊恐
[考] frighten...off/away 吓跑,吓走…
[参] frightened(adj. 受惊的,受恐吓的);frightening(adj. 使惊恐的;引起恐惧的)
insist/ InˋsIst / v. 坚持,坚决认为
[记] 词根记忆:in(里面)+sist(站)→一直站在里面→坚持
[用] 1. insist表示“坚持”时,后接that从句用虚拟语气,即should do的形式,should可以省略,如: The mother insisted that her daughter go to the graduation dance. 妈妈坚持让女儿去参加毕业舞会。2. insist表示“坚持认为、坚持说”的时候,that从句不用虚拟语气,如: He insists that there is an important difference between the two. 他坚持认为这两者间有着重大的区别。
[考] insist on sth./doing sth. 坚持(做) 某事: Father insisted on taking her to the hospital. 父亲坚持要带她去医院。
coast/ kəʊst / n. 海岸,海滨
[例] a town on the coast 海滨城镇 // off the coast 在海岸附近的海上
judge/ dʒʌdʒ / v. 判断,评价 n. 裁判,法官
[例] Cars are judged on fuel efficiency rather than speed. 汽车是按耗油量而不是按速度来判断它们的性能的。
[考] judging by/from... 根据…判断
[参] judgment(n. 裁判,判断)
background/ ˋbækgraʊnd / n. 背景
[记] 联想记忆:back(背)+ground(地面) →背后的环境→背景
[例] background information 背景知识
hamburger/ ˋhæmbɜːgə / n. 汉堡包
[记] 发音记忆: 音似“汉堡”
[例] I ordered a hamburger and a milkshake at the McDonald's. 我在麦当劳点了一个汉堡和一份奶昔。
terrify/ ˋterIfaI / vt. 使人感到害怕,使恐惧
[记] 词根记忆:terr(怕,恐吓)+ify→使恐惧
[例] Flying terrifies some girls because they think it is dangerous. 飞行使一些女孩感到害怕,因为她们觉得飞行很危险。
scene/ siːn / n.(戏剧、电影等的) 一场,场景,布景;景色,风景
[记] 联想记忆: 等到风景(scene)都看(seen)透
[例] There were many policemen on the scene of the traffic accident. 交通事故现场有很多警察。
[参] scenery(n. 风景,景色)
辨:scene, sight, view
scene是指眼前的情景,可以指风景,也可以指戏剧的场景;sight在表示景物的时候,多指风景名胜;view多指从远处或高处看到的风景(scenery),有时可以与scene互换。
modest/ ˋmɒdIst / adj. 谦虚的,谦逊的
[记] 词根记忆:mod(方式;风度)+est→有风度的→谦虚的
[例] He's too modest to tell you that he's the champion. 他很谦虚,不会告诉你他就是冠军。
sometimes/ ˋsʌmtaImz / adv. 有时
[例] Sometimes Lisa writes letters to her friends who live far away from her. 有时候,莉萨给住在远方的朋友们写信。
辨:sometimes, sometime, some time
sometimes意为“有时”,是频度副词;sometime是“某个时候”,表示一个时间点;some time意为“相当一段时间”。
conduct/ kənˋdʌkt / vt. 引导;管理
[记] 词根记忆:con(表加强)+duct(引导)→引导;管理
联想记忆: 安全管理 (conduct) 生产, 保证产品 (product) 质量
[例] The guider conducted the hikers along the trail. 导游带着徒步旅行者们沿小路前行。
[参] conductor(n. 管理人;售票员;乐队指挥)
schedule/ ˋʃedjuːl / n. 时刻表 vt. 安排,排定
[例] bus schedule 公共汽车时刻表 // The tests are scheduled for six months. 这些测试预计用六个月完成。
hit/ hIt / n./v.(hit, hit, hitting) 打,撞;击中
[考] hit on... 偶然发现…: I hope that someone will hit on a solution to our problem. 我希望有人能想出办法以解决我们的问题。
progress/ ˋprəʊgres / n. 进步,上进 / prəˋgres / vi. 进展;进行
[记] 词根记忆:pro(向前)+gress(行走)→往前走了很多→进步,上进
[例] No progress was made in the trade talk. 贸易谈判没有取得任何进展。// As the disease progresses, patients might lose the ability to move. 随着病情的恶化,患者可能会丧失行动能力。
[考] 1. in progress 在行进中 2. make progress(in)(在某方面) 取得进展
[参] progressive(adj. 前进的;进步的)
proper/ ˋprɒpə / adj. 恰当的,合适的
[例] Please put the books back on the proper shelves. 请把书放回到适当的架子上。
[参] properly(adv. 适当地;完全地)
dictation/ dIkˋteIʃn / n. 听写
[例] The teacher uses dictation to teach listening skills. 老师通过听写来教授听力技巧。
percent/ pəˋsent / n. 百分之…
[记] 词根记忆:per(每)+cent(百)→每个一百里有多少→百分之…,也可写作per cent
[例] Only 58 percent of children in sub⁃Saharan Africa are drinking safe water. 在非洲撒哈拉以南的地区,只有百分之五十八的儿童能够喝到干净的水。
stamp/ stæmp / n. [C] 邮票
[例] This little boy has a beautiful stamp album for collecting stamps. 这个小男孩有本收集邮票的漂亮集邮册。
design/ dIˋzaIn / v. 设计;制订;筹划 n. 样式
[记] 联想记忆:de+sign(标记) →做标记→设计
[例] Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets. 艺术家被邀请来为歌剧和芭蕾舞剧设计服装和舞台背景。// special design 特殊的设计
operate/ ˋɒpəreIt / v. 动手术;操作,运转
[记] 词根记忆:oper(工作)+ate→操作
[例] The machine operates best at high speeds. 机器在高速运转时状态最佳。
[考] operate on sb. 给某人动手术
[参] operation(n. 手术;操作);operator(n. 操作者)
lively/ ˋlaIvli / adj. 活泼的;充满生气的
[例] Everyone had fun at the lively party. 在那个生动有趣的舞会上,大家玩得都很开心。
辨:alive, living, lively
alive和living用来指活着并继续生存的生物体,alive为表语形容词,常用来作表语,如: Is the tiger still alive? 那只老虎还活着吗?alive也可作后置定语,此时等同于living, 如: There isn't a dinosaur living(=alive) today. 如今没有活着的恐龙了。living一般置于名词前(也可置于名词后)。lively意为“活泼的”,常用来作表语或宾语补足语,如: The teacher tried to make his class lively and interesting. 老师试着把课讲得生动有趣。
blank/ blæŋk / adj. 空的;茫然的 n. 空格,空白,空白处
[例] a blank tape 空白磁带 // During the exam my mind was a blank. 考试的时候,我的脑子里一片空白。
participate/ pɑːˋtIsIpeIt / vi. 参加,参与
[考] participate in... 参加…: She was invited to participate in a television debate. 她应邀参加一场电视辩论。
file/ faIl / n. 文件,档案
[例] We will keep your resume on file. 我们将把你的简历存入档案。
wound/ wuːnd / vt. 伤,使受伤;伤害 n. [C] 创伤;伤口
[例] It's reported that three people were dead and five wounded in the traffic accident. 据报道,这场交通事故中有3人死亡,5人受伤。
辨:wound, injure, harm, hurt
四个词均有“受伤;伤害”的意思。wound侧重指由利器和子弹等对身体造成较严重的外伤,尤指战斗中负伤,也表示感情上受伤;injure含义较广,侧重指由于事故而使身体某部分受到伤害造成暂时行动不便,引申为伤害感情、诋毁声誉、损害权益等,偶尔可指损害东西;harm侧重指造成肉体或精神上的痛苦或损害,引申为危害身心健康、声誉、权益或伦理道德等;hurt语气较弱,较为常用,侧重指感到疼痛或遭受损害,作不及物动词时侧重表示感到疼痛和难受。
skill/ skIl / n. 技能,技巧
[例] writing skills 写作技巧
apology/ əˋpɒlədʒi / n. 道歉;歉意
[例] The sales manager made an apology to the customers for the poor service. 销售经理因服务不周而向顾客道歉。
[参] apologize(v. 道歉)
frequent/ ˋfriːkwənt / adj. 经常的,频繁的
[例] Rains are frequent here in early summer. 初夏时节这里经常下雨。
cautious/ ˋkɔːʃəs / adj. 小心的,谨慎的
[考] be cautious about 对…小心/谨慎
[例] The old man was very cautious about every single word he said. 那位老人对自己说的每句话都很谨慎。
[参] incautious(adj. 不谨慎的);caution(n. 小心;警告)
wonderful/ ˋwʌndəfl / adj. 极好的
[例] We had a wonderful time on vacation. 我们度假时玩得非常开心。
create/ kriˋeIt / vt. 创造;造成
[记] 词根记忆:cre(生产;增长)+ate(使)→使生长→创造
[例] Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. 大多数的海浪是风吹过海洋时形成的。
[参] creation(n. 创造;创造物);creative(adj. 创造性的);creativity(n. 创造性);creature(n. 人;动物;创造物)
practice/ˋpræktIs / n. 实践;练习;惯例,常规
[用] practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
[例] Playing the violin well requires a lot of practice. 拉好小提琴需要大量的练习。
[考] put...into practice 把…付诸实践
[参] practical(adj. 实际的,实用的);practically(adv. 实际上)
coach/ kəʊtʃ / v. 指导,训练 n. 教练;马车;长途车
[例] He coaches me to swim. 他教我游泳。// head coach 主教练 // by coach 乘长途汽车
单元自测题
1. It was a real race ______ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.(2013全国1卷)
A. over
B. by
C. for
D. against
2. We've ______ a beautiful new house from an old ruin.
A. invented
B. produced
C. created
D. discovered
3. — Is Anne coming tomorrow?
— ______. If she were to come, she would have called me.(2014山东)
A. Go ahead
B. Certainly
C. That's right
D. I don't think so
4. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ______ of them again.(2010重庆)
A. neither
B. either
C. each
D. all
5. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ______.
A. fact
B. reality
C. practice
D. deed
6. Drunk driving, which was once a ______ occurrence, is now under control.(2010福建)
A. general
B. frequent
C. normal
D. particular
7. — Do you remember the traffic accident?
— Yes, actually, I have experienced nothing ______.
A. more frightened
B. more frightening
C. very frightening
D. the most frightening
8. The couple ______ staying in the countryside for their summer holidays.
A. wanted to
B. insisted on
C. stuck to
D. intended
9. Mr. Johnson was ______ in the leg while fighting Japanese during the war.
A. hurt
B. harmed
C. injured
D. wounded
10. Father ______ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there.(2010湖南)
A. hardly
B. seldom
C. sometimes
D. never
11. He telephoned the travel agency to ______ three air tickets to London.(2010天津)
A. order
B. arrange
C. take
D. book
12. Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had ______ his leg.(2006全国1卷)
A. damaged
B. hurt
C. hit
D. struck
13. I don't want to go into the sea. I'd rather lie on the ______.
A. coast
B. bank
C. beach
D. seaside
14. Tom, ______ yourself. Did you forget the school rules?
A. behave
B. believe
C. perform
D. conduct
15. I have seldom seen my mother ______ pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010全国1卷)
A. so
B. very
C. too
D. rather
答案:DCDBC BBBDC DBCAA