Abstract

Currently, our China's economic has made remarkable achievements, but it is still in the early stages of urbanization. It's urbanization rate is less than 50 percent. The rural population still accounts for the majority. In this situation, the government supplying public services must focus on co-ordination between urban and rural areas. Government management of public services supplying take the“dual”supply system because for the needs of national development strategies at the nation-building beginning. The subsequent supply measures were ranged different. For the long time, the result is serious non-equal in urban and rural areas for public services. Accordingly, the government has always been inadequate attentioned on its“service”function. Even if the later start of reform and opening up, the government function performance“weight-build, light services”under the guidance of the approach of“taking economic construction as the center”. With the government first proposed it's function changing to“service”in the party's Fifteenth Conference in 1997, and in 2005, Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Conference proposed to achieve the goal of“equalization of public services”, the government services function has substantially increased. The ability of urban and rural public service supplying capacity also increased significantly. However, since the long-term accumulation of implementation of the various systems and measures imperfect on the current supply of public services, the education, health care, social security and employment, infrastructure and other public services is still a large gap between urban and rural areas. At the same time, this serious unequal influence government to maintenance equity and justice, the stability and unity of the whole society, and impact the social and economic life developing normal and healthy. Based on the above background and grim reality, the paper studies the issue of equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas from management system perspective.

The paper's study focus on the macro-management safeguard system of public service provision, and the research achieves through the following two aspects.

The first is the financial management system and the urban-rural equalization of basic public services. The research of equalization of public services, only from the institutional view, the most important instiution is the financial management system. In theory, because of public goods characteristics of the non-exclusive and non-competitive, it limited the market function to allocate resources to produce fundamentally, which means the spending by the government finance to directly produce public goods or provide public services can much improve social welfare. Further analysis, since the government is the main subject of supplying of public services, it can believe that a large proportion of capital expenditure to the urban and rural public services was guaranteed by the Financial. For to improve the efficiency of the use of funds, the financial management system should be reflected the concept of the relative centralization and decentralization, combination of urban and rural. Theory also support this statement, compared with the central government, local governments, especially base local government has information superiors for supply, demand, cost and other aspects of the public services. So a large number of public services supply by all levels of local government which is decision-making, grading supply is more efficient than the central government focused supplying. However, in practice of China's financial management system has three aspects. First, our financial management system in the supply of public services can not be fully realized the concept of fiscal decentralization. From the perspective of fiscal decentralization, it is generally believed that excessive centralization will lead to low efficiency of supplying public service by government. A modest decentralization government can reduce costs and improve the quality of supply public services. However, since the founding of New China, the financial management system in practice always has decentralization perspective. But because of the economic base, the political system and other factors influence, the decentralization perspective can not fully embody. Second, since the founding of New China, it can be fund all stages public services supplying arrangements performance the typical urban-rural differences. So the financial resources of all kinds are seriously inclined to the city from infrastructure to science, education, social security and employment, social justice and other areas. The result of the long-term implementation of such policies is a serious non-equal of basic public services in urban and rural areas. Third, the implementation of the rural taxes reform in recent years cause some shackles to supplying of public services in rural areas in short-term. Long-term implementation of the policy formats huge gap between rural and urban of supply public services. However, rural taxes reform cut off the most important financing channels which supply the public goods in rural areas. When the other channels can not enough to make up for this funding gap, it will weak of rural public service supplying capacity in short-term and further exacerbating the gap between urban and rural public services.

The second is the administrative management system and urban-rural equalization of basic public services. Many discussion of the subject of the supplying public services have government, market, voluntary three main subjects alone supplying, also have two ways joint supplying or three ways joint supplying, but this view that“the government is the main body of the supplying of public services in a country or region”was accepted in all countries of the world.

On this basis, the government as the main body of management social and economic activities, its administrative management efficiency improving will make very important influence on the public services supplying capacity. This part analysis look“the government is the most main body of public services supplying”as the starting point. It put the government as a microcosmic subject analysis its administrative management system's efficiency improving can promote the quality or quantity of government's public service supplying. Then the papers discuss the influention of administrative system reform and practice to the supply of public service in rural and urban. Through the research we found that administrative system reform during the planned economy system basically flawless considering how to improve rural residents' enjoy level of public service, taking single angle on urban security system caused the big gap between urban and rural public services.

Subsequent in market economy condition, with the transition of government function, administrative management system operating can supply the public services better. In this stage, the public service level of rural residents' had greatly improved, but because the reason of historical accumulation and urban public services'level more rapidly ascension, public services gap remains between the urban and rural areas.

On the base of above analyzing immanent logic and influence analysis for the financial management system and administrative management system to the supplying of basic public services, the paper' research came into empirical analysis. One aspect is the present situation of basic public services through the existing data from investment situation, the facilities condition, covering the aspects of education, health, social security and infrastructure. Through the objective, detailed description, the results show that our country's basic public services level between urban and rural areas are serious not equal at present. Another aspect is the empirical analysis for the management system factors affect to urban and rural basic public services supplying. The author thinks all policy or measures to promote equalization of basic public services of the urban and rural areas will be through the financial management system and the administrative management system channel. So research considers all policy factors affecting the supplying of public services, such as the fiscal expenditure on every field, urbanization, residents' income level quantitatively and constructs the panel model to estimate. Though the research, it is concluded that some different and highly policy reference valued conclusions, such as the improve rural per capita net income and urbanization leading medical resources centralized to the city, simply by raising social security per capita funds expenditure does not shrink social security gap between the urban and rural areas, etc. .

Finally, based on the theoretical and empirical studies, the papers discuss the policy and measures to equalization of public services in urban and rural areas. It only focus on management system about financial transfer payment system, under provincial financial management system and administrative management system efficiency improvement. It also gives author's own views how to further improve or deepening reform in basic public services of education, health, social security and infrastructure areas.

Keywords: Urban and Rural; Basic Public Service; Equalization; Administrative System