第42章 Political Theory(20)

12.C'est une expérience éternelle que tout homme qui a du pouvoir est portéàen abuser；il va jusqu'àce qu'il trouve des limites.Esprit des Lois ，Bk.xi，chap.4.

13.'Government'，p.15.

14.'Government'，p.7.

15.Ibid.p.18.

16.'Government'，p.21.

17.Ibid.p.22.

18.Autobiography ，p.104.

19.'Government'，p.28.

20.Ibid，p.30.Mill especially refers to the exposure of clerical artifices in Father Paul's Council of Trent.

21.'Education，'p.20.

22.Ibid.p.45.

23.Autobiography ，p.106.

24.'Government'p.31.

25.Bain's James Mill ，p.292.

26.They were reprinted in the Miscellaneous Works after Macaulay's death.I quote from the 'popular edition'of the work (1875).

27.Miscellaneous Works ，p.166.

28.Miscellaneous Works ，p.132.

29.Mill's Autobiography .

30.'Government'，p.12.

31.Miscellaneous Works ，p.169.

32.Fragment on Mackintosh (1870)pp.275-94.

33.Essay on the 'Independency of Parliament'.

34.Fragment ，p.292.

35.Ibid.p.276.

36.Miscellaneous Works ，p.170.

37.Miscellaneous Works ，p.173.

38.Miscellaneous Works ，p.138.

39.Miscellaneous Works ，p.135-40.

40.Miscellaneous Works ，p.158，and see pp.143-47.

41.Speeches (Popular Edition)，p.125.

42.Ibid.p.128.

43.Miscellaneous Works ，p.146.

44.Miscellaneous Works ，p.183.

45.A full analysis of this article is in Bain's James Mill ，pp.265-75.

46.Article upon Sheridan，reprinted in Jeffrey's Essays ，iv，(1844).

47.Table-Talk ，27th April 1823.

48.Vindiciae Gallicae ，in Miscellaneous Works，iii.(1846)，p.57.

49.Mackintosh thinks it necessary to add that this parallel was suggested to him by William Thompson (1746-1837)，a literary gentleman who continued Watson's Philip III，and may，for anything I know，deserve Mackintosh's warm eulogy.

50.Vindiciae Gallicae ，p.59.

51.Ibid.p.51.

52.Ibid.p.148.

53.Ibid.p.68.

54.Ibid.p.72.

55.Ibid.p.125.

56.Vindiciae Gallicae ，p.128.

57.Ibid.p.84.

58.Ibid.p.30.

59.Life of Mackintosh ，i，125.

60.Miscellaneous Works ，iii，261-65.

61.Life，i，309-16.

62.See Miscellaneous Works ，iii，3.

63.Ibid.iii，203-38(an article highly praised by Bagehot in his Parliamentary Reform).

64.Miscellaneous Works，iii，215-16.

65.Ibid.iii，226.Mackintosh in this article mentions the 'caucus，'and observes that the name implies that combinations have been already formed upon 'which the future government of the confederacy may depend more than on the forms of election，or the letter of the present laws."He inclines to approve the system as essential to party government.

66.Essays (1844)，i，84-106.

67.The famous 'Cevallos'article of 1808，said to be written by Jeffrey and Brougham (Macvey Napier's Correspondence ，p.308)，gave the immediate cause of starting the Quarterly ；and，according to Brougham，first gave distinctly Liberal character to the Edinburgh.For Jeffrey's desire to avoid 'party politics'，see Lockhart's Life of Scott ，M.Napier's Correspondence ，p.435，and Horner's Memoirs (1853)i，464.

68.April 1805；reprinted in Essays ，ii，38，etc.to show，as he says，how early he had taken up his views of the French revolution.

69.Sydney Smith complains in his correspondence of this article as exaggerating the power of the aristocracy.

70.Essay ，iv，29.

71.I need not speak of Brougham，then the most conspicuous advocate of Whiggism.He published in 1843a Political Philosophy，which，according to Lord Campbell，killed the 'Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge.'No such hypothesis is necessary to account for the death of a society encumbered by a 'Dictionary of Universal Biography.'But the book was bad enough to kill，if a collection of outworn platitudes can produce that effect.

72.Bentham's Works ，x.536.

73.Colloquies ，i，253.

74.Colloquies ，i，171.

75.Ibid.i，178.

76.Ibid.i，169.

77.Ibid.i，167.

78.Ibid.i，170.

79.Ibid.i，194.

80.Ibid.i，247.

81.Colloquies ，ii，259.

82.Ibid.i，109.

83.Ibid.ii，103-7.

84.Ibid.i，106.

85.Ibid.i，47.

86.Life and Correspondence ，iv，195；Selections ，iii，45.

87.Colloquies ，i，62.

88.Colloquies ，i，135.

89.Ibid.ii，147.Southey is here almost verbally following Burke's Reflections .

90.Life and Correspondence ，v，4-6.

91.Colloquies ，i，105.

92.On the Constitution of Church and State ，according to the idea of each，1852(fourth edition).

93.Church and State ，p.100.

94.Ibid.p.97.

95.Church and State ，p.85.

96.Ibid.p.67.

97.Church and State ，p.142.

98.Ibid.pp.75-79.

99.Colloquies ，i，37.

100.See an early account of Dale (in 1798)in Sydney Smith's Life and Letters ，i，35，and another in Wilberforce's Correspondence (1840)，i，137(in 1796).

101.Printed in Political Works ，i，302.

102.Political Works ，v，313；vi，579.

103.Political Works ，i，473；v，319.

104.Ibid.ii，285.

105.Political Works ，ii，28，iv.388.

106.Ibid.i，443.

107.Rural Rides (1853)p.311.

108.Rural Rides ，p.386.

109.Political Works ，v，436(22nd July，1819).

110.Even M'Culloch had recommended a partial repudiation.

111.Political Works ，iv，257.

112.Ibid.ii，19，107，250，246；and iii，423.See ，xxx，Parliamentary History，where the first use of the phrase by Hardinge is reported.

113.Political Works ，vi，176.

114.Ibid.395.

115.Rural Rides ，p.446.

116.He complains bitterly that Ruggles had suppressed this in a second edition.Protestant Reformation (1850)，ii.Introduction.

117.Political Register ，29th，Jan.1825.

118.Protestant Reformation ，p.13.

119.Ibid.p.262.

120.Advice to Young Men ，p.8.

121.Political Works ，v，405.If our census be not a lie，there were twenty-seven million Englishmen in 1891.

122.Protestant Reformation ，i，311.

123.Coleridge in a letter to Allsop (Conversations ，etc.i，20)approves one of Cobbett's articles，because it popularises the weighty truth of the 'hollowness of commercial wealth.'Cobbett，he sadly reflects，is an overmatch for Liverpool.

See Cobbet's Political Works，v，466n.