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Richard the earl of Rouen was a son of Richard the son of William Long Spear, who was the son of Rolf Ganger, the earl who first conquered Normandy; and he again was a son of Ragnvald the Mighty, earl of More, as before related.From Rolf Ganger are descended the earls of Rouen, who have long reckoned themselves of kin to the chiefs in Norway, and hold them in such respect that they always were the greatest friends of the Northmen; and every Northman found a friendly country in Normandy, if he required it.To Normandy King Olaf came in autumn (A.D.1013), and remained all winter (A.D.1014) in the river Seine in good peace and quiet.

20.OF EINAR TAMBASKELFER.

After Olaf Trygvason's fall, Earl Eirik gave peace to Einar Tambaskelfer, the son of Eindride Styrkarson; and Einar went north with the earl to Norway.It is said that Einar was the strongest man and the best archer that ever was in Norway.His shooting was sharp beyond all others; for with a blunt arrow he shot through a raw, soft ox-hide, hanging over a beam.He was better than any man at running on snow-shoes, was a great man at all exercises, was of high family, and rich.The earls Eirik and Svein married their sister Bergliot to Einar.Their son was named Eindride.The earls gave Einar great fiefs in Orkadal, so that he was one of the most powerful and able men in the Throndhjem country, and was also a great friend of the earls, and a great support and aid to them.

21.OF ERLING SKIALGSON.

When Olaf Trygvason ruled over Norway, he gave his brother-in-law Erling half of the land scat, and royal revenues between the Naze and Sogn.His other sister he married to the Earl Ragnvald Ulfson, who long ruled over West Gautland.Ragnvald's father, Ulf, was a brother of Sigrid the Haughty, the mother of Olaf the Swedish king.Earl Eirik was ill pleased that Erling Skialgson had so large a dominion, and he took to himself all the king's estates, which King Olaf had given to Erling.But Erling levied, as before, all the land scat in Rogaland; and thus the inhabitants had often to pay him the land scat, otherwise he laid waste their land.The earl made little of the business, for no bailiff of his could live there, and the earl could only come there in guest-quarters, when he had a great many people with him.So says Sigvat: --"Olaf the king Thought the bonde Erling A man who would grace His own royal race.

One sister the king Gave the bonde Erling;And one to an earl, And she saved him in peril."Earl Eirik did not venture to fight with Erling, because he had very powerful and very many friends, and was himself rich and popular, and kept always as many retainers about him as if he held a king's court.Erling vas often out in summer on plundering expeditions, and procured for himself means of living;for he continued his usual way of high and splendid living, although now he had fewer and less convenient fiefs than in the time of his brother-in-law King Olaf Trygvason.Erling was one of the handsomest, largest, and strongest men; a better warrior than any other; and in all exercises he was like King Olaf himself.He was, besides, a man of understanding, jealous in everything he undertook, and a deadly man at arms.Sigvat talks thus of him: --"No earl or baron, young or old, Match with this bonde brave can hold.

Mild was brave Erling, all men say, When not engaged in bloody fray:

His courage he kept hid until The fight began, then foremost still Erling was seen in war's wild game, And famous still is Erling's name."It was a common saying among the people, that Erling had been the most valiant who ever held lands under a king in Norway.Erlings and Astrid s children were these -- Aslak, Skialg, Sigurd, Lodin, Thorer, and Ragnhild, who was married to Thorberg Arnason.

Erling had always with him ninety free-born men or more, and both winter and summer it was the custom in his house to drink at the mid-day meal according to a measure (1), but at the night meal there was no measure in drinking.When the earl was in the neighbourhood he had 200 (2) men or more.He never went to sea with less than a fully-manned ship of twenty benches of rowers.

Erling had also a ship of thirty-two benches of rowers, which was besides, very large for that size.and which he used in viking cruises, or on an expedition; and in it there were 200 men at the very least.

ENDNOTES:

(1) There were silver-studs in a row from the rim to the bottom of the drinking born or cup; and as it went round each drank till the stud appeared above the liquor.This was drinking by measure.-- L.

(2) I.e., 240.

22.OF THE HERSE ERLING SKIALGSON.

Erling had always at home on his farm thirty slaves, besides other serving-people.He gave his slaves a certain day's work;but after it he gave them leisure, and leave that each should work in the twilight and at night for himself, and as he pleased.

He gave them arable land to sow corn in, and let them apply their crops to their own use.He laid upon each a certain quantity of labour to work themselves free by doing it; and there were many who bought their freedom in this way in one year, or in the second year, and all who had any luck could make themselves free within three years.With this money he bought other slaves: and to some of his freed people he showed how to work in the herring-fishery, to others he showed some useful handicraft; and some cleared his outfields and set up houses.He helped all to prosperity.

23.OF EARL EIRIK.

When Earl Eirik had ruled over Norway for twelve years.there came a message to him from his brother-in-law King Canute, the Danish king, that he should go with him on an expedition westward to England; for Eirik was very celebrated for his campaigns, as he had gained the victory in the two hardest engagements which had ever been fought in the north countries.The one was that in which the Earls Hakon and Eirik fought with the Jomsborg vikings;the other that in which Earl Eirik fought with King Olaf Trygvason.Thord Kolbeinson speaks of this: --"A song of praise Again I raise.