第8章 BOOK I.(7)

CHAPTER IV.

PROF.CORTLANDT'S HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE WORLDIN A.D.2000.

Prof.Cortlandt,preparing a history of the times at the beginning of the great terrestrial and astronomical change,wrote as follows:"This period--A.D.2000--is by far the most wonderful the world has as yet seen.The advance in scientific knowledge and attainment within the memory,of the present generation has been so stupendous that it completely overshadows all that has preceded.All times in history and all periods of the world have been remarkable for some distinctive or characteristic trait.The feature of the period of Louis XIV was the splendour of the court and the centralization of power in Paris.The year 1789marked the decline of the power of courts and the evolution of government by the people.So,by the spread of republican ideas and the great advance in science,education has become universal,for women as well as for men,and this is more than ever a mechanical age.

"With increased knowledge we are constantly coming to realize how little we really know,and are also continually finding manifestations of forces that at first seem like exceptions to established laws.This is,of course,brought about by the modifying influence of some other natural law,though many of these we have not yet discovered.

"Electricity in its varied forms does all work,having superseded animal and manual labour in everything,and man has only to direct.The greatest ingenuity next to finding new uses for this almost omnipotent fluid has been displayed in inducing the forces of Nature,and even the sun,to produce it.Before describing the features of this perfection of civilization,let us review the steps by which society and the political world reached their present state.

"At the close of the Franco-Prussian War,in 1871,Continental Europe entered upon the condition of an armed camp,which lasted for nearly half a century.The primary cause of this was the mutual dislike and jealousy of France and Germany,each of which strove to have a larger and better equipped national defence than the other.There were also many other causes,as the ambition of the Russian Czar,supported by his country's vast though imperfectly developed resources and practically unlimited supply of men,one phase of which was the constant ferment in the Balkan Peninsula,and another Russia's schemes for extension in Asia;another was the general desire for colonies in Africa,in which one Continental power pretty effectually blocked another,and the latent distrust inside the Triple Alliance.England,meanwhile,preserved a wise and profitable neutrality.

"These tremendous sacrifices for armaments,both on land and water,had far-reaching results,and,as we see it now,were clouds with silver linings.The demand for hardened steel projectiles,nickel-steel plates,and light and almost unbreakable machinery,was a great incentive to improvement in metallurgy while the necessity for compact and safely carried ammunition greatly stimulated chemical research,and led to the discovery of explosives whose powers no obstacle can resist,and incidentally to other more useful things.

"Further mechanical and scientific progress,however,such as flying machines provided with these high explosives,and asphyxiating bombs containing compressed gas that could be fired from guns or dropped from the air,intervened.The former would have laid every city in the dust,and the latter might have almost exterminated the race.These discoveries providentially prevented hostilities,so that the 'Great War,'so long expected,never came,and the rival nations had their pains for nothing,or,rather,for others than themselves.

"Let us now examine the political and ethnological results.

Hundreds of thousands,of the flower of Continental Europe were killed by overwork and short rations,and millions of desirable and often--unfortunately for us--undesirable people were driven to emigration,nearly all of whom came to English-speaking territory,greatly increasing our productiveness and power.As,we have seen,the jealousy of the Continental powers for one another effectually prevented their extending their influence or protectorates to other continents,which jealousy was considerably aided by the small but destructive wars that did take place.High taxes also made it more difficult for the moneyed men to invest in colonizing or development companies,which are so often the forerunners of absorption;while the United States,with her coal--of which the Mediterranean states have scarcely any--other resources,and low taxes,which,though necessary,can be nothing but an evil,has been able to expand naturally as no other nation ever has before.

"This has given the English-speakers,especially the United States,a free hand,rendering enforcement of the Monroe doctrine easy,and started English a long way towards becoming the universal language,while all formerly unoccupied land is now owned by those speaking it.