第3章

But he had besides a keen sense of artistic values.This appears partly in the unity of his vast work.Though it was years in the making,though the details that demanded his attention were countless,yet they all centre consistently in one figure,and are so focused upon it,that one can hardly open the book at random to a line which has not its direct bearing upon the one subject of the work.Nor is the unity of the book that of an undeviating narrative in chronological order of one man's life;it grows rather out of a single dominating personality exhibited in all the vicissitudes of a manifold career.Boswell often speaks of his work as a painting,a portrait,and of single incidents as pictures or scenes in a drama.His eye is keen for contrasts,for picturesque moments,for dramatic action.While it is always the same Johnson whom he makes the central figure,he studies to shift the background,the interlocutors,the light and shade,in search of new revelations and effects.He presents a succession of many scenes,exquisitely wrought,of Johnson amid widely various settings of Eighteenth-Century England.And subject and setting are so closely allied that each borrows charm and emphasis from the other.Let the devoted reader of Boswell ask himself what glamor would fade from the church of St.Clement Danes,from the Mitre,from Fleet Street,the Oxford coach,and Lichfield,if the burly figure were withdrawn from them;or what charm and illumination,of the man himself would have been lost apart from these settings.It is the unseen hand of the artist Boswell that has wrought them inseparably into this reciprocal effect.

The single scenes and pictures which Boswell has given us will all of them bear close scrutiny for their precision,their economy of means,their lifelikeness,their artistic effect.None was wrought more beautifully,nor more ardently,than that of Johnson's interview with the King.First we see the plain massive figure of the scholar amid the elegant comfort of Buckingham House.He is intent on his book before the fire.Then the approach of the King,lighted on his way by Mr.Barnard with candles caught from a table;their entrance by a private door,with Johnson's unconscious absorption,his sudden surprise,his starting up,his dignity,the King's ease with him,their conversation,in which the King courteously draws from Johnson knowledge of that in which Johnson is expert,Johnson's manly bearing and voice throughout--all is set forth with the unadorned vividness and permanent effect which seem artless enough,but which are characteristic of only the greatest art.

Boswell's Life of Johnson is further a masterpiece of art in that it exerts the vigorous energy of a masterpiece,an abundance of what,for want of a better word,we call personality.It is Boswell's confessed endeavor to add this quality to the others,because he perceived that it was an essential quality of Johnson himself,and he more than once laments his inability to transmit the full force and vitality of his original.Besides artistic perception and skill it required in him admiration and enthusiasm to seize this characteristic and impart it to his work.His admiration he confesses unashamed:'I said I worshipped him ...Icannot help worshipping him,he is so much superior to other men.'

He studied his subject intensely.'During all the course of my long intimacy with him,my respectful attention never abated.'

Upon such intensity and such ardor and enthusiasm depend the energy and animation of his portrait.

But it exhibits other personal qualities than these,which,if less often remarked,are at any rate unconsciously enjoyed.Boswell had great social charm.His friends are agreed upon his liveliness and good nature.Johnson called him 'clubbable,''the best traveling companion in the world,''one Scotchman who is cheerful,''a man whom everybody likes,''a man who I believe never left a house without leaving a wish for his return.'His vivacity,his love of fun,his passion for good company and friendship,his sympathy,his amiability,which made him acceptable everywhere,have mingled throughout with his own handiwork,and cause it to radiate a kind of genial warmth.This geniality it may be which has attracted so many readers to the book.They find themselves in good company,in a comfortable,pleasant place,agreeably stimulated with wit and fun,and cheered with friendliness.They are loth to leave it,and would ever enter it again.This rare charm the book owes in large measure to its creator.

The alliance of author with subject in Boswell's Johnson is one of the happiest and most sympathetic the world has known.So close is it that one cannot easily discern what great qualities the work owes to each.While it surely derives more of its excellence than is commonly remarked from the art of Boswell,its greatness after all is ultimately that of its subject.The noble qualities of Johnson have been well discerned by Carlyle,and his obvious peculiarities and prejudices somewhat magnified and distorted in Macaulay's brilliant refractions.One quality only shall I dwell upon,though that may be the sum of all the rest.Johnson had a supreme capacity for human relationship.In him this capacity amounted to genius.

In all respects he was of great stature.His contemporaries called him a colossus,the literary Goliath,the Giant,the great Cham of literature,a tremendous companion.His frame was majestic;he strode when he walked,and his physical strength and courage were heroic.His mode of speaking was 'very impressive,'his utterance 'deliberate and strong.'His conversation was compared to 'an antique statue,where every vein and muscle is distinct and bold.'