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[5]. Mme. de Larochejacquelein， ibid. I. 84. "As M. de Marigny had some knowledge of the veterinary art the peasants of the canton came after him when they had sick animals."[6]. Marquis de Mirabeau， "Traité de la Population，" p. 57.

[7]. De Tocqueville， ibid. p.180. This is proved by the registers of the capitation-tax which was paid at the actual domicile.

[8]. Renauldon， ibid..， Preface p. 5. - Anne Plumptre， "A narrative of three years residence in France from 1802 to 1805." II. 357. --Baroness Oberkirk， "Mémoires，" II. 389. - "De l'état religieux，" by the abbés Bonnefoi and Bernard， 1784， p. 295. - Mme.Vigée-Lébrun， "Souvenirs，" p.171.

[9]. Archives nationales， D， XIX. portfolios 14， 15， 25. Five bundles of papers are filled with these petitions.

[10]. Ibid. D， XIX. portfolio 11. An admirable letter by Joseph of Saintignon， abbé of Domiévre， general of the regular canons of Saint-Sauveur and a resident. He has 23，000 livres income， of which 6，066livres is a pension from the government， in recompense for his services. His personal expenditure not being over 5，000 livres "he is in a situation to distribute among the poor and the workmen， in the space of eleven years， more than 250，000 livres."[11]. On the conduct and sentiments of lay and ecclesiastical seigniors cf. Léonce de Lavergne， "Les Assemblées provinciales，" Ivol. Legrand， "L'intendance du Hainaut，" I vol. Hippeau， "Le Gouvernement de Normandie，" 9 vols.

[12]. "The most active sympathy filled their breasts； that which an opulent man most dreaded was to be regarded as insensible."(Lacretelle， vol. V. p. 2.)[13]. Floquet， "Histoire du Parlement de Normandie，" vol. VI.

p.696. In 1772 twenty-five gentlemen and imprisoned or exiled for having signed a protest against the orders of the court.

[14]. De Tocqueville， ibid. pp. 39， 56， 75， 119， 184. He has developed this point with admirable force and insight.

[15]. De Tocqueville， ibid. p.376. Complaints of the provincial assembly of Haute-Guyenne. "People complain daily that there is no police in the rural districts. How could there be one？ The nobles takes no interest in anything， excepting a few just and benevolent seigniors who take advantage of their influence with vassals to prevent affrays."[16]. Records of the States-General of 1789. Many of the registers of the noblesse consist of the requests by nobles， men and women， of some honorary distinctive mark， for instance a cross or a ribbon which will make them recognizable.

[17]. De Boullé， "Mémoires，" p.50. - De Toqueville， ibid.. pp. 118， 119. - De Loménie， "Les Mirabeau， " p. 132. A letter of the bailiff of Mirabeau， 1760. - De Chateaubriand， Mémoires，" I. 14， 15， 29， 76， 80， 125. - Lucas de Montigny， "Mémoires de Mirabeau，" I. 160. - Reports of the Société du Berry. "Bourges en 1753 et 1754，" according to a diary (in the national archives)， written by one of the exiled parliamentarians， p. 273.

[18]. "La vie de mon père，" by Rétif de la Bretonne， I. 146.

[19]. The rule is analogous with the other coutumes (common-law rules)， of other places and especially in Paris. (Renauldon， ibid.. p.

134.)

[20]. A sort of dower right. TR.

[21]. Mme. d'Oberkirk， "Mémoires，" I. 395.

[22]. De Bouillé， "Mémoires，" p. 50. According to him， "all the noble old families， excepting two or three hundred， were ruined. Alarger portion of the great titled estates had become the appanage of financiers， merchants and their descendants. The fiefs， for the most part， were in the hands of the bourgeoisie of the towns." - Léonce de Lavergne， "Economie rurale en France，" p. 26. "The greatest number vegetated in poverty in small country fiefs often not worth more than 2，000 or 3，000 francs a year." - In the apportionment of the indemnity in 1825， many received less than 1，000 francs. The greater number of indemnities do not exceed 50，000 francs. - "The throne，" says Mirabeau， "is surrounded only by ruined nobles."[23]. De Bouillé， "Memoires，" p. 50. - Cherin， "Abrégéchronologique des édits" (1788). "Of this innumerable multitude composing the privileged order scarcely a twentieth part of it can really pretend to nobility of an immemorial and ancient date." - 4，070financial， administrative， and judicial offices conferred nobility. -Turgot， "Collection des Economistes，" II. 276. "Through the facilities for acquiring nobility by means of money there is no rich man who does not at once become noble." - D'Argenson， "Mémoires，" III. 402.

[24]. Necker， "De l'Administration des Finances，" II. 271. Legrand， "L'Intendance de Hainaut，" pp. 104， 118， 152， 412.

[25]. Even after the exchange of 1784， the prince retains for himself "all personal impositions as well as subventions on the inhabitants，" except a sum of 6，000 livres for roads. Archives Nationales， G， 192， a memorandum of April 14th， 1781， on the state of things in the Clermontois. - Report of the provincial assembly of the Three Bishoprics (1787)， p. 380.

[26]. The town of St. Amand， alone， contains to day 10，210inhabitants.

[27]. See note 3 at the end of the volume.