Passage 2

It’s hardly news that the immigration system is a mess.Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers，and visitors who arrive in the U.S.legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished.But since Sept.11，it’s become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans.In addition to their mastery of forging passports，at least three of the 19 Sept.11 hijackers（劫机者）were here on expired visas.That’s been a safe bet until now.The Immigration and Naturalization Service（INS）（移民归化局）lacks the resources，and apparently the inclination，to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.

But this laxness（马虎）toward immigration fraud may be about to change.Congress has already taken some modest steps.The U.S.A.Patriot Act，passed in the wake of the Sept.11 tragedy，requires the FBI，the Justice Department，the State Department and the INS to share more data，which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.

But what’s really needed，critics say，is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security.Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement.They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down once they’re here.Reformers also want to see the INS set up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to.

All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week.Before Sept.11，legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies：universities，which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law，and business，which relies on foreigners for cheap labor.Since the attacks，they’ve backed off.The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year.

Also on the agenda for next year：a proposal，backed by some influential law-makers，to split the INS into two agencies—a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections，deportation and other functions.One reason for the division，supporters say，is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants.After the Sept.11 tragedy，the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation’s border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.

1.Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of______.

A.the legal privileges granted to foreigners

B.the excessive hospitality of the American people

C.the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpoints

D.the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service

2.We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made by various U.S.government agencies to______.

A.refuse the renewing of expired visas

B.ward off terrorist suspects at the border

C.prevent the forgery of immigration papers

D.limit the number of immigrants to the U.S.

3.It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept.11，aliens with expired visas______.

A.might have them extended without trouble

B.would be closely watched by FBI agents

C.might stay on for as long as they wished

D.would live in constant fear of deportation

4.It is believed by many that all these years the INS______.

A.has been serving two contradictory functions

B.has been too liberal in granting visas to tourists and immigrants indiscriminately

C.has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the nation’s security

D.has ignored the pleas of the two powerful lobbies

5.Before Sept.11，the U.S.Congress had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws because______.

A.they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor

B.it was difficult to coordinate the efforts of the congressmen

C.education and business circles cared little about national security

D.resources were not available for their enforcement

参考译文

移民系统的混乱并不是什么新闻。外国人长期以来都在利用假证件偷渡过境，而那些通过合法手段进入美国的游客在美国停留的日子往往都超过了法定期限，却没有受到惩罚。但是很明显，自从“9·11”事件以来，恐怖分子很精明地把我们系统的缺点算进了他们的计划当中。除了伪造护照的技术以外，“9·11”事件19个劫机者中的3个人的护照已经过期却还留在美国。在这之前，那是很安全的赌注。估计有200万外国人超过了法定期限，还故意在美国逗留，移民归化局缺少经费，而且很明显也无意去跟踪他们。

但是打击移民欺诈行为的不力将要得到改变。国会已经采取了一些适度的措施。“9·11”事件过后，就通过了《美国爱国者法案》，要求联邦调查局、司法部、国务院和移民归化局共享更多的资料，从而更容易地在边境就把那些监视名单上的恐怖分子截住。

但批评家认为真正需要的是旨在加强边境安全的更严格的法律和更多的资源。改革家们则号召撤销那些妨碍司法执行的政策。他们同时也要求移民归化局再多雇用几百个边境巡逻人员和调查人员，阻止非法移民进入，如果他们已经进来了就追踪他们。改革者同时也希望看到移民归化局建立一个数据库，来监视那些护照持有者，留意他们在应当出境的时候是否真的离开了。

所有这些改革建议都是一个全新的边境安全法案的一部分，该法案获得了众议院的批准，但在上周却没有得到参议院的通过。“9·11”事件之前，这样的立法受到了两个强大的游说集团的阻挠：一是大学院校，他们依赖于留学生的学费，而新法案将有可能把这些外国学生排除在外；二是公司，他们需要外来人员充当廉价劳动力。自从那次恐怖袭击后，它们就已经后退不再阻挠了。要不是国会的操作，那个法案这次就会通过了，明年它应该会被重新提议并获得通过。

同时被提上明年议程的还有一个法案，它得到一些有号召力的立法人员的支持，该提案提议将移民归化局分成两个机构——一个是白脸警官，可能会执行一些诸如发放公民证件的职能；另一个是黑脸警官，着力于边境审查、驱逐出境以及其他的功能。支持者声称，进行这种划分的一个原因是，这些年来移民归化局太专注于为游客和移民服务。“9·11”事件惨剧过后，移民归化局应该多花些精力造福于数百万的美国百姓，他们需要依靠边境安全来保护自己免受恐怖袭击。

解题之路

1.选D。本题问恐怖分子明显地利用了什么？第一段第三句开始部分告诉我们，很明显“9·11”事件恐怖分子得逞是因为他们利用了美国移民体系的弱点（weaknesses），如forging passports（伪造护照）、过期签证等。迄今这一直是一场安全的赌博。美国移民归化局缺乏相关资源，并且也不愿意去追踪大约200万故意超过居留期的外国人（其中就有恐怖分子）。但是，这种对移民欺诈行为的懈怠、马虎态度可能会改变（第二段第一句）。从以上可以看出，恐怖分子得逞首先应归咎于美国的整个移民体系，INS这个机构办事不力，缺乏效率。所以应该选D.the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service移民归化局的低效率。A.the legal privileges granted to foreigners给予外国人的法律特权，以及B.the excessive hospitality of the American people美国人民的过分好客，这两项文中都无信息支持。C.the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpoints边境检查站官员的不负责任，文章最后虽然讲了美国要加强边境安全以防恐怖分子袭击，但并未提到恐怖分子是利用边境检查站官员的不负责任而混入美国的，所以C错。

2.选B。本题问美国的不同政府机构将会作出什么样的协调努力？本文定位不大容易，要求能识别the FBI，the Justice Department，the State Department and the INS=various U.S.government agencies，具有一定的概括能力。第二段的意思是：这种对移民欺诈行为的懈怠状态可能会有所改变，国会已经采取了一些适当措施，紧随着“9·11”事件惨剧之后通过的《美国爱国者法案》要求联邦调查局、司法部、国务院和移民归化局共享更多的资料，这将使在边境就阻止列入名单的恐怖分子变得更加容易。所以应该选B.ward off terrorist suspects at the border，是原文stop watch-listed terrorists at the border的同义替换。A.refuse the renewing of expired visas拒绝更新过期的签证；C.prevent the forgery of immigration papers避免伪造移民文件；D.limit the number of immigrants to the U.S.限制来美国的移民数量。三个干扰项在文中都无信息支持。

3.选C。本题问从文章可推断在“9·11”事件之前持有过期签证的外国人会怎么样？根据关键词Sept.11/expired visas，定位到第一段。第一段第二句visitors who arrive in the U.S.legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished.那些合法来到美国的游客经常超出了他们的合法居留期而不被惩罚，同时注意at least three of the 19 Sept.11 hijackers were here on expired visas中用的是过去时态were，说明在“9·11”事件之前这几个劫机者持的是过期签证。最后一句也提到差不多有200万外国人这样做，这些签证到期的外国人可以随意在美国停留，因为没有人来找他们麻烦。因此选C.might stay on for as long as they wished可以想待多久就待多久。

4.选C。本题询问许多人这些年来对INS的看法。文章最后一段主要围绕INS进行阐述，大意是：有建议要将INS分成两个机构，一个负责处理公民身份文件，另一个负责边境检查、驱逐出境等。支持将INS分开的人认为（也就是题干里很多人的观点），INS太过于注重为游客和移民服务了。“9·11”事件之后INS应该把更多的注意力放在为千百万普通美国民众服务，他们有赖于国家的边境安全来免遭恐怖分子的袭击。总而言之，要重视国家安全。所以，应该选整合了最后一段最后两句意思的C.has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the nation’s security过分强调了服务功能而以国家安全为代价。

5.选A。本题问“9·11”事件之前美国国会未能通过更严格的移民法律的原因。根据关键词Before Sept.11定位到原文第四段，legislation of this kind had been blocked=had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws。第二句的大意是：在“9·11”事件之前，这类立法被两大院外活动集团所阻止：大学（依靠外国留学生的学费）和企业（依靠外国廉价劳工），新法律将会将外国留学生和廉价劳工拒之门外。所以本题选A.they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor它们可能将外国学生和廉价劳工拒之门外。

词汇精解

national n.（尤指侨居外国的）国民，侨民

long adv.长期地，始终

border n.边，边缘，边境，边界

fake adj.假的，伪造的

legitimately adv.正当地，合理地，合法地

overstay vt.逗留过久，停留超过（时间）

legal adj.法律的，法定的，合法的

punish vt.处罚，惩罚

resource n.资源

apparently adv.显然地，明显地

inclination n.倾向，爱好，意愿

estimated adj.估算的，估计的

intentionally adv.有意地，故意地

terrorist n.恐怖分子

critic n.评论家，批评家

tougher adj.更凶恶的，更强硬的，更严厉的

security n.安全

legislation n.制定法律，立法

block vt.妨碍，阻碍，阻拦

powerful adj.强大的，有力的

lobby n.游说

labor n.劳动，努力，劳动力

tuition n.学费

bill n.账单，票据，清单，议案

congressional adj.会议的，大会的，国会的

maneuvering n.行动

reintroduce vt.再次引进

agenda n.议程

proposal n.建议，提议

back v.后退，支持

influential adj.有势力的，有影响力的

split vt.劈开，分离，分开

agency n.代理处，代理，机构

cop n.警察，巡警

service vt.保养，维修，为……服务

function n.职能，作用，职责，功能

citizenship n.公民身份，公民职责，公民资格

inspection n.视察，检查

deportation n.移送，放逐，驱逐出境

tragedy n.惨案，灾难，悲剧

attack n.进攻，侵袭，袭击

难句解析

1.Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers，and visitors who arrive in the U.S.legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished.

【参考译文】外国人长期以来都在利用假证件偷渡过境，而那些通过合法手段进入美国的游客在美国停留的日子往往都超过了法定期限，却没有受到惩罚。

【结构分析】这是一个由and连接的并列句，可以切分为：（Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border//with fake papers//），（and visitors//who arrive in the U.S.legitimately//often overstay their legal welcome without being punished）。第一部分的主语是Foreign nationals，谓语是have been slipping across，宾语是the border，long是时间副词，with fake papers是方式状语；第二部分是一个主从复合句，主干是visitors…often overstay their legal welcome，who…legitimately是主语visitors的定语从句，without being punished是条件状语。

【知识链接】foreign national外国人；slip across溜过……

2.The Immigration and Naturalization Service（INS）lacks the resources，and apparently the inclination，to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.

【参考译文】估计有200万外国人超过了法定期限，还故意在美国逗留，移民归化局缺少经费，而且很明显也无意去跟踪他们。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句，可以切分为：（The Immigration and Naturalization Service（INS）lacks the resources，and apparently the inclination，//to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners//）（who have intentionally overstayed their welcome）。第一部分是主句，主语是The Immigration and Naturalization Service，谓语是lacks，宾语是the resources，and…the inclination，分隔号内的不定式to keep…foreigners是前面resources和inclination的后定语；第二部分是who引导的foreigners的定语从句，其中的welcome是名词，作宾语。

【知识链接】Immigration and Naturalization Service（美国）移民归化局；lack the inclination to do无意……；keep track of跟踪

3.The U.S.A.Patriot Act，passed in the wake of the Sept.11 tragedy，requires the FBI，the Justice Department，the State Department and the INS to share more data，which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.

【参考译文】“9·11”事件过后，就通过了《美国爱国者法案》，要求联邦调查局、司法部、国务院和移民归化局共享更多的资料，从而更容易地在边境就把那些监视名单上的恐怖分子截住。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句，可以切分为：（The U.S.A.Patriot Act，//passed in the wake of the Sept.11 tragedy//，requires the FBI，the Justice Department，the State Department and the INS//to share more data//），（which will make it easier//to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border//）。第一部分是主句，主干是The U.S.A.Patriot Act…requires…the INS，过去分词passed是主语的后定语，in the wake…tragedy是时间状语，不定式to share more data是宾语补足语；第二部分是which引导的定语从句，which指代前面的一句话，it指代后面的不定式to stop…terrorists，at the border是地点状语。

【知识链接】Patriot Act爱国者法案；in the wake of在……之后；the Justice Department（美国）司法部；the State Department（美国）国务院；watch-listed（adj.）受到监视的

4.But what’s really needed，critics say，is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security.

【参考译文】但批评家认为真正需要的是旨在加强边境安全的更严格的法律和更多的资源。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句，what’s really needed是主语从句，critics say是插入语，过去分词短语aimed at…security是前面tougher laws and more resources的后定语，动名词短语tightening…security是介词at的宾语。

【知识链接】aim at旨在……；tighten up加强

5.Before Sept.11，legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies：universities，which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law，and business，which relies on foreigners for cheap labor.

【参考译文】“9·11”事件之前，这样的立法受到了两个强大的游说集团的阻挠：一是大学院校，他们依赖于留学生的学费，而新法案将有可能把这些外国学生排除在外；二是公司，他们需要外来人员充当廉价劳动力。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句，可以切分为：（Before Sept.11，legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies：）（universities，//which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law//，and business，//which relies on foreigners for cheap labor//）。第一部分是主句，主语是legislation of this kind，谓语是had been blocked，Before Sept.11是时间状语；第二部分的主干是两个并列名词：universities…and business，作前面two powerful lobbies的同位语，第一个分隔号内which引导的定语从句修饰universities，from…students是tuition的后定语，who引导的定语从句修饰students，第二个分隔号内which引导的是business的定语从句，for cheap labor是目的状语。

【知识链接】rely on依靠；keep out排除

6.The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year.

【参考译文】要不是国会的操作，那个法案这次就会通过了，明年它应该会被重新提议并获得通过。

【结构分析】这个句子的主干是：The bill would have passed…and is expected to be…and to pass，即由and连接的三个并列结构；but for引导的是一条件状语，意义相当于if it were not for…

【知识链接】but for若不是（引导虚拟语气的条件状语）；be expected to do应该……

7.Also on the agenda for next year：a proposal，backed by some influential law-makers，to split the INS into two agencies—a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections，deportation and other functions.

【参考译文】同时被提上明年议程的还有一个法案，它得到一些有号召力的立法人员的支持，该提案提议将移民归化局分成两个机构——一个是白脸警官，可能会执行一些诸如发放公民证件的职能，另一个是黑脸警官，着力于边境审查、驱逐出境以及其他的功能。

【结构分析】这不是一个句子，而是名词短语；可以切分为：a proposal，（backed by some influential law-makers），（to split the INS into two agencies）—（a good cop//that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers//and a bad cop//that would concentrate on border inspections，deportation and other functions//）。过去分词短语backed…是proposal的后定语；不定式to split…agencies也是proposal的后定语；破折号之后的主干是两个并列的名词短语：a good cop…and a bad cop，之后的that…citizenship papers和that…other functions分别是其定语从句；最开头的on the agenda是地点状语，for next year是agenda的后定语。

【知识链接】law-maker（n.）立法者；split…into…将……分为……；tend to do趋向于……；concentrate on专注于……

8.After the Sept.l1 tragedy，the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation’s border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.

【参考译文】“9·11”事件惨剧过后，移民归化局应该多花些精力造福于数百万的美国百姓，他们需要依靠边境安全来保护自己免受恐怖袭击。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句，可以切分为：（//After the Sept.11 tragedy//，the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans）（who rely on the nation’s border security//to protect them from terrorist attacks//）。第一部分是主句，After…tragedy是时间状语，serving…ordinary Americans是动名词短语，作介词to的宾语；第二部分是who引导的定语从句，修饰前面的ordinary Americans，其中的不定式to protect…attacks是目的状语。

【知识链接】pay attention to关注……；millions of数百万……；protect sb.from使某人免受……